Ruby中的异常处理代码编写示例-Ruby

单个异常使用 fail 关键字仅仅当捕获一个异常并且反复抛出这个异常(因为这里你不是失败，而是准确的并且故意抛出一个异常)。

									begin

									 fail 'Oops'

									rescue => error

									 raise if error.message != 'Oops'

									end

不要为 fail/raise 指定准确的 RuntimeError。

									# bad

									 fail RuntimeError, 'message'

									 # good - signals a RuntimeError by default

									 fail 'message'

宁愿提供一个异常类和一条消息作为 fail/raise 的两个参数，而不是一个异常实例。

									# bad

									 fail SomeException.new('message')

									 # Note that there is no way to do `fail SomeException.new('message'), backtrace`.

									 # good

									 fail SomeException, 'message'

									 # Consistent with `fail SomeException, 'message', backtrace`.

不要在 ensure 块中返回。如果你明确的从 ensure 块中的某个方法中返回，返回将会优于任何抛出的异常，并且尽管没有异常抛出也会返回。实际上异常将会静静的溜走。

									def foo

									  begin

									   fail

									  ensure

									   return 'very bad idea'

									  end

									 end

Use implicit begin blocks when possible.如果可能使用隐式 begin 代码块。

									# bad

									 def foo

									  begin

									   # main logic goes here

									  rescue

									   # failure handling goes here

									  end

									 end

									 # good

									 def foo

									  # main logic goes here

									 rescue

									  # failure handling goes here

									 end

通过 contingency methods 偶然性方法。 (一个由 Avdi Grimm 创造的词) 来减少 begin 区块的使用。

									# bad

									begin

									 something_that_might_fail

									rescue IOError

									 # handle IOError

									end

									begin

									 something_else_that_might_fail

									rescue IOError

									 # handle IOError

									end

									# good

									def with_io_error_handling

									  yield

									rescue IOError

									 # handle IOError

									end

									with_io_error_handling { something_that_might_fail }

									with_io_error_handling { something_else_that_might_fail }

不要抑制异常输出。

									# bad

									begin

									 # an exception occurs here

									rescue SomeError

									 # the rescue clause does absolutely nothing

									end

									# bad

									do_something rescue nil

避免使用 rescue 的修饰符形式。

									# bad - this catches exceptions of StandardError class and its descendant classes

									 read_file rescue handle_error($!)

									 # good - this catches only the exceptions of Errno::ENOENT class and its descendant classes

									 def foo

									  read_file

									 rescue Errno::ENOENT => ex

									  handle_error(ex)

									 end

不要用异常来控制流。

									# bad

									 begin

									  n / d

									 rescue ZeroDivisionError

									  puts "Cannot divide by 0!"

									 end

									 # good

									 if d.zero?

									  puts "Cannot divide by 0!"

									 else

									  n / d

									 end

应该总是避免拦截(最顶级的) Exception 异常类。这里(ruby自身)将会捕获信号并且调用 exit，需要你使用 kill -9 杀掉进程。

									# bad

									begin

									 # calls to exit and kill signals will be caught (except kill -9)

									 exit

									rescue Exception

									 puts "you didn't really want to exit, right?"

									 # exception handling

									end

									# good

									begin

									 # a blind rescue rescues from StandardError, not Exception as many

									 # programmers assume.

									rescue => e

									 # exception handling

									end

									# also good

									begin

									 # an exception occurs here

									rescue StandardError => e

									 # exception handling

									end

将更具体的异常放在救援（rescue）链的上方，否则他们将不会被救援。

									# bad

									begin

									 # some code

									rescue Exception => e

									 # some handling

									rescue StandardError => e

									 # some handling

									end

									# good

									begin

									 # some code

									rescue StandardError => e

									 # some handling

									rescue Exception => e

									 # some handling

									end

在 ensure 区块中释放你程式获得的外部资源。

									f = File.open('testfile')

									 begin

									  # .. process

									 rescue

									  # .. handle error

									 ensure

									  f.close unless f.nil?

									 end

除非必要, 尽可能使用 Ruby 标准库中异常类，而不是引入一个新的异常类。(而不是派生自己的异常类)

Ruby中的异常处理代码编写示例

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