一直以来,笔者都在不停寻找一种更人性化的数据库访问方式(并不是说默认的方式不好,而是有时候的确在模块化设计中不太方便)。
后来有幸在php中找到codeigniter的ActiveReord,详细参考这篇文章: 抽离CodeIgniter的数据库访问类!
然而c++却始终用着最原始的方式,昨天趁着项目要用的机会,在网上搜索了好久,总算让我找到两套c++的数据库访问框架:
两套代码我都拿下来看了一下,litesql实现了一套完整的代码自动生成,功能强大,但是也很重;soci相对要轻量,但是同样也实现了数据结构到数据库表的映射。本人还是比较喜欢轻量的东西,所以最终选择了soci。经过这两天的试用,感觉非常不错。
官方的文档也很详细,所以这里就用我写的单元测试代码来做一下简单的讲解:
首先创建库表:
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create database soci; CREATE TABLE `tb_test` ( `id` int (11) NOT NULL auto_increment, ` name ` varchar (32) default "" , `sex` int (11) default 0, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY ` name ` (` name `) ); create database soci; CREATE TABLE `tb_test` ( `id` int (11) NOT NULL auto_increment, ` name ` varchar (32) default "" , `sex` int (11) default 0, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY ` name ` (` name `) ); |
1.简单的select单条记录
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TEST(soci,select_one) { try { session sql(mysql, "host=localhost db=soci user=dantezhu" ); indicator ind; string name = "dandan" ; int sex; sql << "select sex from tb_test where name = :name" , into (sex, ind), use( name ); ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << name ; } catch (exception const &e) { FAIL()<<e.what(); } } TEST(soci,select_one) { try { session sql(mysql, "host=localhost db=soci user=dantezhu" ); indicator ind; string name = "dandan" ; int sex; sql << "select sex from tb_test where name = :name" , into (sex, ind), use( name ); ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << name ; } catch (exception const &e) { FAIL()<<e.what(); } } |
select的结果,如果成功则ind会为i_ok,同值sex被赋值;如果失败则反之
2.简单的select多条记录
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TEST(soci,select_multi2) { try { session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu" ); indicator ind; int count ; sql << "select count(*) from tb_test" , into ( count , ind); ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << count ; if ( count == 0) { SUCCEED(); return ; } int sex = 1; vector<string> vec_name( count ); vector< int > vec_sex( count ); sql << "select name,sex from tb_test where sex = :sex" , into (vec_name), into (vec_sex), use(sex); } catch (exception const &e) { FAIL()<<e.what(); } } TEST(soci,select_multi2) { try { session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu" ); indicator ind; int count ; sql << "select count(*) from tb_test" , into ( count , ind); ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << count ; if ( count == 0) { SUCCEED(); return ; } int sex = 1; vector<string> vec_name( count ); vector< int > vec_sex( count ); sql << "select name,sex from tb_test where sex = :sex" , into (vec_name), into (vec_sex), use(sex); } catch (exception const &e) { FAIL()<<e.what(); } } |
与select单条记录唯一的区别即,into()的参数是一个vector。其实用多个vector这种方式并不是一个很好的选择,后面会介绍基于数据结构的方式。
3.简单的insert
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TEST(soci,insert_exist) { try { session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu" ); string name = "dandan" ; int sex = 1; sql << "insert into tb_test(name, sex) values(:name, :sex)" , use( name ), use(sex); } catch (exception const &e) { SUCCEED()<<e.what(); } } TEST(soci,insert_exist) { try { session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu" ); string name = "dandan" ; int sex = 1; sql << "insert into tb_test(name, sex) values(:name, :sex)" , use( name ), use(sex); } catch (exception const &e) { SUCCEED()<<e.what(); } } |
insert,update,delete都有两个同样的问题:
a)affect_rows(操作的行数)没有办法返回
b)操作的id无法知道,尤其对于insert的主键是自增的情况下,无法知道插入的主键的值是多少。
update和delete都与insert相似,这里就不再多说。
接下来是这个框架的很重要的一个特性,即数据库表与数据结构绑定:
首先我们需要定义一个结构体,并告知soci怎么让列名和数据结构的字段对应起来:
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struct Person { int id; std::string name ; int sex; }; namespace soci { template<> struct type_conversion<Person> { typedef values base_type; static void from_base( values const & v, indicator /* ind */, Person & p) { p.id = v.get< int >( "id" ); p. name = v.get<std::string>( "name" ); p.sex = v.get< int >( "sex" ); } static void to_base(const Person & p, values & v, indicator & ind) { v. set ( "id" , p.id); v. set ( "name" , p. name ); v. set ( "sex" , p.sex); ind = i_ok; } }; } struct Person { int id; std::string name ; int sex; }; namespace soci { template<> struct type_conversion<Person> { typedef values base_type; static void from_base( values const & v, indicator /* ind */, Person & p) { p.id = v.get< int >( "id" ); p. name = v.get<std::string>( "name" ); p.sex = v.get< int >( "sex" ); } static void to_base(const Person & p, values & v, indicator & ind) { v. set ( "id" , p.id); v. set ( "name" , p. name ); v. set ( "sex" , p.sex); ind = i_ok; } }; } |
关于
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template<> struct type_conversion<Person> template<> struct type_conversion<Person> |
这里,官方的文档是是有误的,我查了好长时间,按照上面的写法来写即可。
1.用数据结构来select
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TEST(soci,select_obj_one) { try { session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu" ); indicator ind; int count ; sql << "select count(*) from tb_test" , into ( count , ind); ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << count ; string name = "dandan" ; Person p; sql << "select id,name,sex from tb_test where name = :name" , into (p, ind), use( name ); ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << name ; if (sql.got_data()) { cout<< p.id << "," << p. name << "," << p.sex << endl; } } catch (exception const &e) { FAIL()<<e.what(); } } TEST(soci,select_obj_one) { try { session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu" ); indicator ind; int count ; sql << "select count(*) from tb_test" , into ( count , ind); ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << count ; string name = "dandan" ; Person p; sql << "select id,name,sex from tb_test where name = :name" , into (p, ind), use( name ); ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << name ; if (sql.got_data()) { cout<< p.id << "," << p. name << "," << p.sex << endl; } } catch (exception const &e) { FAIL()<<e.what(); } } |
2.用数据结构来进行insert
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TEST(soci,insert_obj_noexist) { try { session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu" ); Person p = { 0, "niuniu" , 2 }; sql << "insert into tb_test(name, sex) values(:name, :sex)" , use(p); } catch (exception const &e) { FAIL()<<e.what(); } } TEST(soci,insert_obj_noexist) { try { session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu" ); Person p = { 0, "niuniu" , 2 }; sql << "insert into tb_test(name, sex) values(:name, :sex)" , use(p); } catch (exception const &e) { FAIL()<<e.what(); } } |
整个就是这样~~下面是文中代码文件的下载路径:
http://code.google.com/p/vimercode/source/browse/#svn%2Ftrunk%2Fsoci_test
另外,虽然python下的mysql访问也算比较简单,但还是想知道是否有更Pythonic的库或接口,如果有朋友知道,欢迎不吝告知。