我们已经看到使用WHERE子句的SQL SELECT命令来从MySQL表获取数据。但是,当我们试图给的条件比较字段或列的值为NULL,它不能正常工作。
为了处理这种情况,MySQL提供了三大运算符
- IS NULL: 此运算符返回true,当列的值是NULL。
- IS NOT NULL: 运算符返回true,当列的值不是NULL。
- <=> 操作符比较值(不同于=运算符)为ture,即使两个NULL值
涉及NULL条件是特殊的。不能使用 =NULL 或 !=NULL 寻找NULL值的列。这种比较总是告诉他们是否是真正的失败,因为这是不可能的。即使是NULL=NULL失败。
如果要查找是或不是NULL的列,请使用IS NULL或IS NOT NULL。
在命令提示符下使用NULL值:
假设一个表tcount_tbl,它包含了两个的列stutorial_author和tutorial_count,其中一个tutorial_count为NULL 表示的值是未知的
例子:
试试下面的例子:
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root@host # mysql -u root -p password; Enter password:******* mysql> use TUTORIALS; Database changed mysql> create table tcount_tbl -> ( -> tutorial_author varchar(40) NOT NULL, -> tutorial_count INT -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl -> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values ( 'mahran' , 20); mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl -> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values ( 'mahnaz' , NULL); mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl -> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values ( 'Jen' , NULL); mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl -> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values ( 'Gill' , 20); mysql> SELECT * from tcount_tbl; +-----------------+----------------+ | tutorial_author | tutorial_count | +-----------------+----------------+ | mahran | 20 | | mahnaz | NULL | | Jen | NULL | | Gill | 20 | +-----------------+----------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> |
可以看到=和!=不使用NULL值,如下所示:
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mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl WHERE tutorial_count = NULL; Empty set (0.00 sec) mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl WHERE tutorial_count != NULL; Empty set (0.01 sec) |
要找到,其中tutorial_count列是或不是NULL的记录,查询应该这样写:
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mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl -> WHERE tutorial_count IS NULL ; + -----------------+----------------+ | tutorial_author | tutorial_count | + -----------------+----------------+ | mahnaz | NULL | | Jen | NULL | + -----------------+----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> SELECT * from tcount_tbl -> WHERE tutorial_count IS NOT NULL ; + -----------------+----------------+ | tutorial_author | tutorial_count | + -----------------+----------------+ | mahran | 20 | | Gill | 20 | + -----------------+----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) |
PHP脚本处理NULL值:
可以使用IF ... ELSE条件准备的基础上操作NULL值的查询。
例子:
下面的示例tutorial_count从外部,然后它与可在表中的值进行比较。
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<?php $dbhost = 'localhost:3036' ; $dbuser = 'root' ; $dbpass = 'rootpassword' ; $conn = mysql_connect( $dbhost , $dbuser , $dbpass ); if (! $conn ) { die ( 'Could not connect: ' . mysql_error()); } if ( isset( $tutorial_count )) { $sql = 'SELECT tutorial_author, tutorial_count FROM tcount_tbl WHERE tutorial_count = $tutorial_count '; } else { $sql = 'SELECT tutorial_author, tutorial_count FROM tcount_tbl WHERE tutorial_count IS $tutorial_count '; } mysql_select_db( 'TUTORIALS' ); $retval = mysql_query( $sql , $conn ); if (! $retval ) { die ( 'Could not get data: ' . mysql_error()); } while ( $row = mysql_fetch_array( $retval , MYSQL_ASSOC)) { echo "Author:{$row['tutorial_author']} <br> " . "Count: {$row['tutorial_count']} <br> " . "--------------------------------<br>" ; } echo "Fetched data successfully\n" ; mysql_close( $conn ); ?> |