实验环境:tensorflow版本1.2.0,python2.7
介绍
惯例先展示函数:
tf.nn.conv2d(input, filter, strides, padding, use_cudnn_on_gpu=None, name=None)
除去name参数用以指定该操作的name,与方法有关的一共五个参数:
input:
指需要做卷积的输入图像,它要求是一个Tensor,具有[batch, in_height, in_width, in_channels]这样的shape,具体含义是[训练时一个batch的图片数量, 图片高度, 图片宽度, 图像通道数],注意这是一个4维的Tensor,要求类型为float32和float64其中之一
filter:
相当于CNN中的卷积核,它要求是一个Tensor,具有[filter_height, filter_width, in_channels, out_channels]这样的shape,具体含义是[卷积核的高度,卷积核的宽度,图像通道数,卷积核个数],要求类型与参数input相同,有一个地方需要注意,第三维in_channels,就是参数input的第四维
strides:卷积时在图像每一维的步长,这是一个一维的向量,长度4
padding:
string类型的量,只能是”SAME”,”VALID”其中之一,这个值决定了不同的卷积方式(后面会介绍)
use_cudnn_on_gpu:
bool类型,是否使用cudnn加速,默认为true
结果返回一个Tensor,这个输出,就是我们常说的feature map
实验
那么TensorFlow的卷积具体是怎样实现的呢,用一些例子去解释它:
1.考虑一种最简单的情况,现在有一张3×3单通道的图像(对应的shape:[1,3,3,1]),用一个1×1的卷积核(对应的shape:[1,1,1,1])去做卷积,最后会得到一张3×3的feature map
2.增加图片的通道数,使用一张3×3五通道的图像(对应的shape:[1,3,3,5]),用一个1×1的卷积核(对应的shape:[1,1,1,1])去做卷积,仍然是一张3×3的feature map,这就相当于每一个像素点,卷积核都与该像素点的每一个通道做点积
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input = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([ 1 , 3 , 3 , 5 ])) filter = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([ 1 , 1 , 5 , 1 ])) op = tf.nn.conv2d( input , filter , strides = [ 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 ], padding = 'VALID' ) |
3.把卷积核扩大,现在用3×3的卷积核做卷积,最后的输出是一个值,相当于情况2的feature map所有像素点的值求和
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input = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([ 1 , 3 , 3 , 5 ])) filter = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([ 3 , 3 , 5 , 1 ])) op = tf.nn.conv2d( input , filter , strides = [ 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 ], padding = 'VALID' ) |
4.使用更大的图片将情况2的图片扩大到5×5,仍然是3×3的卷积核,令步长为1,输出3×3的feature map
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..... .xxx. .xxx. .xxx. ..... |
5.上面我们一直令参数padding的值为‘VALID',当其为‘SAME'时,表示卷积核可以停留在图像边缘,如下,输出5×5的feature map
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input = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([ 1 , 5 , 5 , 5 ])) filter = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([ 3 , 3 , 5 , 1 ])) op = tf.nn.conv2d( input , filter , strides = [ 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 ], padding = 'SAME' ) |
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xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx |
6.如果卷积核有多个
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input = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([ 1 , 5 , 5 , 5 ])) filter = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([ 3 , 3 , 5 , 7 ])) op = tf.nn.conv2d( input , filter , strides = [ 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 ], padding = 'SAME' ) |
此时输出7张5×5的feature map
7.步长不为1的情况,文档里说了对于图片,因为只有两维,通常strides取[1,stride,stride,1]
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input = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([ 1 , 5 , 5 , 5 ])) filter = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([ 3 , 3 , 5 , 7 ])) op = tf.nn.conv2d( input , filter , strides = [ 1 , 2 , 2 , 1 ], padding = 'SAME' ) |
此时,输出7张3×3的feature map
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x.x.x ..... x.x.x ..... x.x.x |
8.如果batch值不为1,同时输入10张图
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input = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([ 10 , 5 , 5 , 5 ])) filter = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([ 3 , 3 , 5 , 7 ])) op = tf.nn.conv2d( input , filter , strides = [ 1 , 2 , 2 , 1 ], padding = 'SAME' ) |
每张图,都有7张3×3的feature map,输出的shape就是[10,3,3,7]
代码清单
最后,把程序总结一下:
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import tensorflow as tf #case 2 input = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([ 1 , 3 , 3 , 5 ])) filter = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([ 1 , 1 , 5 , 1 ])) op2 = tf.nn.conv2d( input , filter , strides = [ 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 ], padding = 'VALID' ) #case 3 input = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([ 1 , 3 , 3 , 5 ])) filter = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([ 3 , 3 , 5 , 1 ])) op3 = tf.nn.conv2d( input , filter , strides = [ 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 ], padding = 'VALID' ) #case 4 input = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([ 1 , 5 , 5 , 5 ])) filter = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([ 3 , 3 , 5 , 1 ])) op4 = tf.nn.conv2d( input , filter , strides = [ 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 ], padding = 'VALID' ) #case 5 input = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([ 1 , 5 , 5 , 5 ])) filter = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([ 3 , 3 , 5 , 1 ])) op5 = tf.nn.conv2d( input , filter , strides = [ 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 ], padding = 'SAME' ) #case 6 input = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([ 1 , 5 , 5 , 5 ])) filter = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([ 3 , 3 , 5 , 7 ])) op6 = tf.nn.conv2d( input , filter , strides = [ 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 ], padding = 'SAME' ) #case 7 input = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([ 1 , 5 , 5 , 5 ])) filter = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([ 3 , 3 , 5 , 7 ])) op7 = tf.nn.conv2d( input , filter , strides = [ 1 , 2 , 2 , 1 ], padding = 'SAME' ) #case 8 input = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([ 10 , 5 , 5 , 5 ])) filter = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([ 3 , 3 , 5 , 7 ])) op8 = tf.nn.conv2d( input , filter , strides = [ 1 , 2 , 2 , 1 ], padding = 'SAME' ) init = tf.initialize_all_variables() with tf.Session() as sess: sess.run(init) print ( "case 2" ) print (sess.run(op2)) print ( "case 3" ) print (sess.run(op3)) print ( "case 4" ) print (sess.run(op4)) print ( "case 5" ) print (sess.run(op5)) print ( "case 6" ) print (sess.run(op6)) print ( "case 7" ) print (sess.run(op7)) print ( "case 8" ) print (sess.run(op8)) |
因为是随机初始化,我的结果是这样的:
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case 2 [[[[ - 0.64064658 ] [ - 1.82183945 ] [ - 2.63191342 ]] [[ 8.05008984 ] [ 1.66023612 ] [ 2.53465152 ]] [[ - 3.51703644 ] [ - 5.92647743 ] [ 0.55595356 ]]]] case 3 [[[[ 10.53139973 ]]]] case 4 [[[[ 10.45460224 ] [ 6.23760509 ] [ 4.97157574 ]] [[ 3.05653667 ] [ - 11.43907833 ] [ - 2.05077457 ]] [[ - 7.48340607 ] [ - 0.90697062 ] [ 3.27171206 ]]]] case 5 [[[[ 5.30279875 ] [ - 2.75329947 ] [ 5.62432575 ] [ - 10.24609661 ] [ 0.12603235 ]] [[ 0.2113893 ] [ 1.73748684 ] [ - 3.04372549 ] [ - 7.2625494 ] [ - 12.76445198 ]] [[ - 1.57414591 ] [ - 3.39802694 ] [ - 6.01582575 ] [ - 1.73042905 ] [ - 3.07183361 ]] [[ 1.41795194 ] [ - 2.02815866 ] [ - 17.08983231 ] [ 11.98958111 ] [ 2.44879103 ]] [[ 0.29902667 ] [ - 3.19712877 ] [ - 2.84978414 ] [ - 2.71143317 ] [ 5.99366283 ]]]] case 6 [[[[ 12.02504349 4.35077286 2.67207813 5.77893162 6.98221684 - 0.96858567 - 8.1147871 ] [ - 0.02988982 - 2.52141953 15.24755192 6.39476395 - 4.36355495 - 2.34515095 5.55743504 ] [ - 2.74448752 - 1.62703776 - 6.84849405 10.12248802 3.7408421 4.71439075 6.13722801 ] [ 0.82365227 - 1.00546622 - 3.29460764 5.12690163 - 0.75699937 - 2.60097408 - 8.33882809 ] [ 0.76171923 - 0.86230004 - 6.30558443 - 5.58426857 2.70478535 8.98232937 - 2.45504045 ]] [[ 3.13419819 - 13.96483231 0.42031103 2.97559547 6.86646557 - 3.44916964 - 0.10199898 ] [ 11.65359879 - 5.2145977 4.28352737 2.68335319 3.21993709 - 6.77338028 8.08918095 ] [ 0.91533852 - 0.31835344 - 1.06122255 - 9.11237717 5.05267143 5.6913228 - 5.23855162 ] [ - 0.58775592 - 5.03531456 14.70254898 9.78966522 - 11.00562763 - 4.08925819 - 3.29650426 ] [ - 2.23447251 - 0.18028721 - 4.80610704 11.2093544 - 6.72472 - 2.67547607 1.68422937 ]] [[ - 3.40548897 - 9.70355129 - 1.05640507 - 2.55293012 - 2.78455877 - 15.05377483 - 4.16571808 ] [ 13.66925812 2.87588191 8.29056358 6.71941566 2.56558466 10.10329056 2.88392687 ] [ - 6.30473804 - 3.3073864 12.43273926 - 0.66088223 2.94875336 0.06056046 - 2.78857946 ] [ - 7.14735603 - 1.44281793 3.3629775 - 7.87305021 2.00383091 - 2.50426936 - 6.93097973 ] [ - 3.15817571 1.85821593 0.60049552 - 0.43315536 - 4.43284273 0.54264796 1.54882073 ]] [[ 2.19440389 - 0.21308756 - 4.35629082 - 3.62100363 - 0.08513772 - 0.80940366 7.57606506 ] [ - 2.65713739 0.45524287 - 16.04298019 - 5.19629049 - 0.63200498 1.13256514 - 6.70045137 ] [ 8.00792599 4.09538221 - 6.16250181 8.35843849 - 4.25959206 - 1.5945878 - 7.60996151 ] [ 8.56787586 5.85663748 - 4.38656425 0.12728286 - 6.53928804 2.3200655 9.47253895 ] [ - 6.62967777 2.88872099 - 2.76913023 - 0.86287498 - 1.4262073 - 6.59967232 5.97229099 ]] [[ - 3.59423327 4.60458899 - 5.08300591 1.32078576 3.27156973 0.5302844 - 5.27635145 ] [ - 0.87793881 1.79624665 1.66793108 - 4.70763969 - 2.87593603 - 1.26820421 - 7.72825718 ] [ - 1.49699068 - 3.40959787 - 1.21225107 - 1.11641395 - 8.50123024 - 0.59399474 3.18010235 ] [ - 4.4249506 - 0.73349547 - 1.49064219 - 6.09967899 5.18624878 - 3.80284953 - 0.55285597 ] [ - 1.42934585 2.76053572 - 5.19795799 0.83952439 - 0.15203482 0.28564462 2.66513705 ]]]] case 7 [[[[ 2.66223097 2.64498258 - 2.93302107 3.50935125 4.62247562 2.04241085 - 2.65325522 ] [ - 0.03272867 - 1.00103927 - 4.3691597 2.16724801 7.75251007 - 4.6788125 - 0.89318085 ] [ 4.74175072 - 0.80443329 - 1.02710629 - 6.68772554 4.57605314 - 3.72993755 4.79951382 ]] [[ 5.249547 8.92288399 7.10703182 - 9.10498428 - 7.43814278 - 8.69616318 1.78862095 ] [ 7.53669024 - 14.52316284 - 2.55870199 - 1.11976743 3.81035042 2.45559502 - 2.35436153 ] [ 3.93275881 5.11939669 - 4.7114296 - 11.96386623 2.11866689 0.57433248 - 7.19815397 ]] [[ 0.25111672 1.40801668 1.28818977 - 2.64093828 0.98182392 3.69512987 4.78833389 ] [ 0.30391204 - 10.26406097 6.05877018 - 6.04775047 8.95922089 0.80235004 - 5.4520669 ] [ - 7.24697018 - 2.33498096 - 10.20039558 - 1.24307609 3.99351597 - 8.1029129 2.44411373 ]]]] case 8 [[[[ - 6.84037447e + 00 1.33321762e - 01 - 5.09891272e + 00 5.55682087e + 00 8.22002888e + 00 - 4.94586229e - 02 4.19012117e + 00 ] [ 6.79884481e + 00 1.21652853e + 00 - 5.69557810e + 00 - 1.33555794e + 00 3.24849486e - 01 4.88868570e + 00 - 3.90220714e + 00 ] [ - 3.53190374e + 00 - 4.11765718e + 00 4.54340839e + 00 1.85549557e + 00 - 3.38682461e + 00 2.62719369e + 00 - 4.98658371e + 00 ]] [[ - 9.86354351e + 00 - 6.76713943e + 00 3.62617874e + 00 - 6.16720629e + 00 1.96754158e + 00 - 4.54203081e + 00 - 1.37485743e + 00 ] [ - 1.76783955e + 00 2.35163045e + 00 - 2.21175838e + 00 3.83091879e + 00 3.16964531e + 00 - 7.58307219e + 00 4.71943617e + 00 ] [ 1.20776439e + 00 4.86006308e + 00 1.04233503e + 01 - 7.82327271e + 00 5.39195156e + 00 - 6.31672382e + 00 1.35577369e + 00 ]] [[ - 3.65947580e + 00 - 1.98961139e + 00 7.53771305e + 00 2.79224634e - 01 - 2.90050888e + 00 - 3.57466817e + 00 - 6.33232594e - 01 ] [ 5.89931488e - 01 2.83219159e - 01 - 1.65850735e + 00 - 6.45545387e + 00 - 1.17044592e + 00 1.40343285e + 00 5.74970901e - 01 ] [ - 8.58810043e + 00 - 1.25172977e + 01 6.84177876e - 01 3.80004168e + 00 - 1.54420209e + 00 - 3.32161427e + 00 - 1.05423713e + 00 ]]] [[[ - 4.82677078e + 00 3.11167526e + 00 - 4.32694483e + 00 - 4.77198696e + 00 2.32186103e + 00 1.65402293e - 01 - 5.32707453e + 00 ] [ 3.91779566e + 00 6.27949667e + 00 2.32975650e + 00 - 1.06336937e + 01 4.44044876e + 00 8.08288479e + 00 - 5.83346319e + 00 ] [ - 2.82141399e + 00 - 9.16103745e + 00 6.98908520e + 00 - 5.66505909e + 00 - 2.11039782e + 00 2.27499461e + 00 - 5.74120235e + 00 ]] [[ 6.71680808e - 01 - 4.01104212e + 00 - 4.61760712e + 00 1.02667952e + 01 - 8.21200657e + 00 - 8.57054043e + 00 1.71461976e + 00 ] [ 2.40794683e + 00 - 2.63071585e + 00 9.68963623e + 00 - 4.51778412e + 00 - 3.91073084e + 00 - 5.91874409e + 00 9.96273613e + 00 ] [ 2.67705870e + 00 2.85607010e - 01 2.45853162e + 00 4.44810390e + 00 - 2.11300468e + 00 - 5.77583075e + 00 2.83322239e + 00 ]] [[ - 8.21949577e + 00 - 7.57754421e + 00 3.93484974e + 00 2.26189137e + 00 - 3.49395227e + 00 - 6.40283823e + 00 - 6.00450039e - 01 ] [ 2.95964479e - 02 - 1.19976890e + 00 5.38537979e + 00 4.62369967e + 00 3.89780998e + 00 - 6.36872959e + 00 7.12107182e + 00 ] [ - 8.85006547e - 01 1.92706418e + 00 3.26668215e + 00 2.03566647e + 00 1.44209075e + 00 - 6.48463774e + 00 - 8.33671093e - 02 ]]] [[[ - 2.64583921e + 00 3.86011934e + 00 4.18198538e + 00 3.50338411e + 00 6.35944796e + 00 - 4.28423309e + 00 4.87355423e + 00 ] [ 4.42271233e + 00 3.92883778e + 00 - 5.59371090e + 00 4.98251200e + 00 - 3.45068884e + 00 2.91921115e + 00 1.03779554e + 00 ] [ 1.36162388e + 00 - 1.06808968e + 01 - 3.92534947e + 00 1.85111761e - 01 - 4.87255526e + 00 1.66666222e + 01 - 1.04918976e + 01 ]] [[ - 4.34632540e + 00 1.74614882e + 00 - 2.89012527e + 00 - 8.74067783e + 00 5.06610107e + 00 1.24989772e + 00 - 3.06433105e + 00 ] [ 2.49973416e + 00 2.14041996e + 00 - 4.71008825e + 00 7.39326143e + 00 3.94770741e + 00 8.23049164e + 00 - 1.67046225e + 00 ] [ - 2.94665837e + 00 - 4.58543825e + 00 7.21219683e + 00 1.09780006e + 01 5.17258358e + 00 7.90257788e + 00 - 2.13929534e + 00 ]] [[ 4.20402241e + 00 - 2.98926830e + 00 - 3.89006615e - 01 - 8.16001511e + 00 - 2.38355541e + 00 1.42584383e + 00 - 5.46632290e + 00 ] [ 5.52395058e + 00 5.09255171e + 00 - 1.08742390e + 01 - 4.96262169e + 00 - 1.35298109e + 00 3.65663052e - 01 - 3.40589857e + 00 ] [ - 6.95647061e - 01 - 4.12855625e + 00 2.66609401e - 01 - 9.39565372e + 00 - 3.85058141e + 00 2.51248240e - 01 - 5.77149725e + 00 ]]] [[[ 1.22103825e + 01 5.72040796e + 00 - 3.56989503e + 00 - 1.02248180e + 00 - 5.20942688e - 01 7.15008640e + 00 3.43482435e - 01 ] [ 6.01409674e + 00 - 1.59511256e + 00 - 6.48080063e + 00 - 1.82889538e + 01 - 1.03537569e + 01 - 1.48270035e + 01 - 5.26662111e + 00 ] [ 5.51758146e + 00 - 2.91831636e + 00 3.75461340e - 01 - 9.23893452e - 02 - 9.22101116e + 00 7.16952372e + 00 - 6.86479330e - 01 ]] [[ - 3.03645611e + 00 6.68620300e + 00 - 3.31973934e + 00 - 4.91346550e + 00 9.20719814e + 00 - 2.55552864e + 00 - 2.16087699e - 02 ] [ - 3.02986956e + 00 - 1.29726543e + 01 1.53023469e + 00 - 8.19733238e + 00 5.68085670e + 00 - 1.72856820e + 00 - 4.69369221e + 00 ] [ - 6.67176056e + 00 8.76355553e + 00 2.18996063e - 01 - 4.38777208e + 00 - 6.35764122e - 01 - 1.37812555e + 00 - 4.41474581e + 00 ]] [[ 2.25345469e + 00 1.02142305e + 01 - 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1.35943902e + 00 5.27799511e + 00 - 3.77813816e + 00 6.88291168e + 00 4.35068893e + 00 - 1.02540245e + 01 8.86861205e - 01 ] [ - 4.49999619e + 00 - 2.97630525e + 00 - 6.18604183e - 01 - 2.49702692e + 00 - 6.76169348e + 00 - 2.55930996e + 00 - 2.71291423e + 00 ]]]] |
以上这篇TensorFlow tf.nn.conv2d实现卷积的方式就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/mao_xiao_feng/article/details/78004522