在很多项目中,因为webapi是对外开放的,这个时候,我们就要得考虑接口交换数据的安全性。
安全机制也比较多,如andriod与webapi 交换数据的时候,可以走双向证书方法,但是开发成本比较大,
今天我们不打算介绍这方面的知识,我们说说一个较简单也较常见的安全交换机制
在这里要提醒读者,目前所有的加密机制都不是绝对的安全!
我们的目标是,任何用户或者软件获取到我们的webapi接口url后用来再次访问该地址都是无效的!
达到这种目标的话,我们必须要在url中增加一个时间戳,但是仅仅如此还是不够,用户可以修改我们的时间戳!
因此我们可以对时间戳 进行MD5加密,但是这样依然不够,用户可以直接对我们的时间戳md5的哦,因些需要引入一个绝对安全
的双方约定的key,并同时加入其它参数进行混淆!
注意:这个key要在app里和我们的webapi里各保存相同的一份!
于是我们约定公式: 加密结果=md5(时间戳+随机数+key+post或者get的参数)
下面我们开始通过上述公式写代码:
于由我的环境是asp.net mvc 的,所以重写一个加密类ApiSecurityFilter
1、获取参数
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if (request.Headers.Contains( "timestamp" )) timestamp = HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.Headers.GetValues( "timestamp" ).FirstOrDefault()); if (request.Headers.Contains( "nonce" )) nonce = HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.Headers.GetValues( "nonce" ).FirstOrDefault()); if (request.Headers.Contains( "signature" )) signature = HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.Headers.GetValues( "signature" ).FirstOrDefault()); if ( string .IsNullOrEmpty(timestamp) || string .IsNullOrEmpty(nonce) || string .IsNullOrEmpty(signature)) throw new SecurityException(); |
2、判断时间戳是否超过指定时间
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double ts = 0; bool timespanvalidate = double .TryParse(timestamp, out ts); bool falg = (DateTime.UtcNow - new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0)).TotalMilliseconds - ts > 60 * 1000; if (falg || (!timespanvalidate)) throw new SecurityException(); |
3、POST/DELETE/UPDATE 三种方式提取参数
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case "POST" : case "PUT" : case "DELETE" : Stream stream = HttpContext.Current.Request.InputStream; StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(stream); sortedParams = new SortedDictionary< string , string >( new JsonSerializer().Deserialize<Dictionary< string , string >>( new JsonTextReader(streamReader))); break ; |
4、GET 方式提取参数
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case "GET" : IDictionary< string , string > parameters = new Dictionary< string , string >(); foreach ( string key in HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString) { if (! string .IsNullOrEmpty(key)) { parameters.Add(key, HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString[key]); } } sortedParams = new SortedDictionary< string , string >(parameters); break ; |
5、排序上述参数并拼接,形成我们要参与md5的约定公式中的第四个参数
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StringBuilder query = new StringBuilder(); if (sortedParams != null ) { foreach (var sort in sortedParams.OrderBy(k => k.Key)) { if (! string .IsNullOrEmpty(sort.Key)) { query.Append(sort.Key).Append(sort.Value); } } data = query.ToString().Replace( " " , "" ); } |
6、开始约定公式计算结果并对比传过的结果是否一致
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var md5Staff = Seedwork.Utils.CharHelper.MD5( string .Concat(timestamp + nonce + staffId + data), 32); if (!md5Staff.Equals(signature)) throw new SecurityException(); |
完整的代码如下:
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public class ApiSecurityFilter : ActionFilterAttribute { public override void OnActionExecuting(HttpActionContext actionContext) { var request = actionContext.Request; var method = request.Method.Method; var staffId = "^***********************************$" ; string timestamp = string .Empty, nonce = string .Empty, signature = string .Empty; if (request.Headers.Contains( "timestamp" )) timestamp = request.Headers.GetValues( "timestamp" ).FirstOrDefault(); if (request.Headers.Contains( "nonce" )) nonce = request.Headers.GetValues( "nonce" ).FirstOrDefault(); if (request.Headers.Contains( "signature" )) signature = request.Headers.GetValues( "signature" ).FirstOrDefault(); if ( string .IsNullOrEmpty(timestamp) || string .IsNullOrEmpty(nonce) || string .IsNullOrEmpty(signature)) throw new SecurityException(); double ts = 0; bool timespanvalidate = double .TryParse(timestamp, out ts); bool falg = (DateTime.UtcNow - new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0)).TotalMilliseconds - ts > 60 * 1000; if (falg || (!timespanvalidate)) throw new SecurityException( "timeSpanValidate" ); var data = string .Empty; IDictionary< string , string > sortedParams = null ; switch (method.ToUpper()) { case "POST" : case "PUT" : case "DELETE" : Stream stream = HttpContext.Current.Request.InputStream; StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(stream); sortedParams = new SortedDictionary< string , string >( new JsonSerializer().Deserialize<Dictionary< string , string >>( new JsonTextReader(streamReader))); break ; case "GET" : IDictionary< string , string > parameters = new Dictionary< string , string >(); foreach ( string key in HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString) { if (! string .IsNullOrEmpty(key)) { parameters.Add(key, HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString[key]); } } sortedParams = new SortedDictionary< string , string >(parameters); break ; default : throw new SecurityException( "defaultOptions" ); } StringBuilder query = new StringBuilder(); if (sortedParams != null ) { foreach (var sort in sortedParams.OrderBy(k => k.Key)) { if (! string .IsNullOrEmpty(sort.Key)) { query.Append(sort.Key).Append(sort.Value); } } data = query.ToString().Replace( " " , "" ); } var md5Staff = Seedwork.Utils.CharHelper.MD5( string .Concat(timestamp + nonce + staffId + data), 32); if (!md5Staff.Equals(signature)) throw new SecurityException( "md5Staff" ); base .OnActionExecuting(actionContext); } public override void OnActionExecuted(HttpActionExecutedContext actionExecutedContext) { base .OnActionExecuted(actionExecutedContext); } } |
7、最后在asp.net mvc 里加入配置上述类
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public static class WebApiConfig { public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config) { // Web API configuration and services config.Filters.Add( new ApiSecurityFilter()); config.Filters.Add( new ApiHandleErrorAttribute()); // Web API routes config.MapHttpAttributeRoutes(); config.Routes.MapHttpRoute( name: "DefaultApi" , routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}" , defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional } ); } } |
8、添加写入日志类
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public class ApiHandleErrorAttribute: ExceptionFilterAttribute { /// <summary> /// add by laiyunba /// </summary> /// <param name="filterContext">context oop</param> public override void OnException(HttpActionExecutedContext filterContext) { LoggerFactory.CreateLog().LogError(Messages.error_unmanagederror, filterContext.Exception); } } |
9、利用微信小程序测试接口
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var data = { UserName: username, Password: password, Action: 'Mobile' , Sms: '' }; var timestamp = util.gettimestamp(); var nonce = util.getnonce(); if (username && password) { wx.request({ url: rootUrl + '/api/login' , method: "POST" , data: data, header: { 'content-type' : 'application/json' , 'timestamp' : timestamp, 'nonce' : nonce, 'signature' : util.getMD5Staff(data, timestamp, nonce) }, success: function (res) { if (res.data) { |
1)其中getMD5Staff函数:
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function getMD5Staff(queryData, timestamp, nonce) { var staffId = getstaffId(); //保存的key与webapi同步 var data = dictionaryOrderWithData(queryData); return md5.md5(timestamp + nonce + staffId + data); } |
2)dictionaryOrderWithData函数:
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function dictionaryOrderWithData(dic) { //eg {x:2,y:3,z:1} var result = "" ; var sdic = Object.keys(dic).sort( function (a, b) { return a.localeCompare(b) }); var value = "" ; for ( var ki in sdic) { if (dic[sdic[ki]] == null ) { value = "" } else { value = dic[sdic[ki]]; } result += sdic[ki] + value; } return result.replace(/\s/g, "" ); } |
10、测试日志
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LaiyunbaApp Error: 2 : 2017-10-18 09:15:25 Unmanaged error in aplication, the exception information is Exception:System.Security.SecurityException: 安全性错误。 在 DistributedServices.MainBoundedContext.FilterAttribute.ApiSecurityFilter.OnActionExecuting(HttpActionContext actionContext) 在 System.Web.Http.Filters.ActionFilterAttribute.OnActionExecutingAsync(HttpActionContext actionContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken) --- 引发异常的上一位置中堆栈跟踪的末尾 --- 在 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task) 在 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task) 在 System.Web.Http.Filters.ActionFilterAttribute.<ExecuteActionFilterAsyncCore>d__0.MoveNext() --- 引发异常的上一位置中堆栈跟踪的末尾 --- 在 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task) 在 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task) 在 System.Web.Http.Controllers.ActionFilterResult.<ExecuteAsync>d__2.MoveNext() --- 引发异常的上一位置中堆栈跟踪的末尾 --- 在 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task) 在 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task) 在 System.Web.Http.Controllers.ExceptionFilterResult.<ExecuteAsync>d__0.MoveNext() 失败的程序集的区域是: MyComputer LogicalOperationStack=2017-10-18 09:15:25 2017-10-18 09:15:25 DateTime=2017-10-18T01:15:25.1000017Z 2017-10-18 09:15:25 Callstack= 在 System.Environment.GetStackTrace(Exception e, Boolean needFileInfo) 在 System.Environment.get_StackTrace() 在 System.Diagnostics.TraceEventCache.get_Callstack() 在 System.Diagnostics.TraceListener.WriteFooter(TraceEventCache eventCache) 在 System.Diagnostics.TraceSource.TraceEvent(TraceEventType eventType, Int32 id, String message) 在 Infrastructure.Crosscutting.NetFramework.Logging.TraceSourceLog.TraceInternal(TraceEventType eventType, String message) 在 Infrastructure.Crosscutting.NetFramework.Logging.TraceSourceLog.LogError(String message, Exception exception, Object[] args) 在 System.Web.Http.Filters.ExceptionFilterAttribute.OnExceptionAsync(HttpActionExecutedContext actionExecutedContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken) 在 System.Web.Http.Filters.ExceptionFilterAttribute.<ExecuteExceptionFilterAsyncCore>d__0.MoveNext() 在 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncTaskMethodBuilder.Start[TStateMachine](TStateMachine& stateMachine) 在 System.Web.Http.Filters.ExceptionFilterAttribute.ExecuteExceptionFilterAsyncCore(HttpActionExecutedContext actionExecutedContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken) 在 System.Web.Http.Filters.ExceptionFilterAttribute.System.Web.Http.Filters.IExceptionFilter.ExecuteExceptionFilterAsync(HttpActionExecutedContext actionExecutedContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken) 在 System.Web.Http.Controllers.ExceptionFilterResult.<ExecuteAsync>d__0.MoveNext() 在 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncTaskMethodBuilder`1.Start[TStateMachine](TStateMachine& stateMachine) 在 System.Web.Http.Controllers.ExceptionFilterResult.ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken) 在 System.Web.Http.ApiController.ExecuteAsync(HttpControllerContext controllerContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken) 在 System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.HttpControllerDispatcher.<SendAsync>d__1.MoveNext() 在 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncTaskMethodBuilder`1.Start[TStateMachine](TStateMachine& stateMachine) 在 System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.HttpControllerDispatcher.SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken) 在 System.Net.Http.HttpMessageInvoker.SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken) 在 System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.HttpRoutingDispatcher.SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken) |
至此,webapi加密工作已经全部完成,上述异常是直接访问url报的错误,必须在app环境下才可以正常访问。
总结:webapi加密机密很多,像微信小程序,用户很难拿到客户端app的源码,想知道我们的key也是无从说起。当然,我们也得定期更新app版本。
像app for andriod or ios 可以使用双向证书,或者使用我们上述的方式,然后加固app,防止不怀好意的人破解得到key,当然不管如何,我们首先要走的都是https协议!
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/laogu2/p/7688069.html?utm_source=tuicool&utm_medium=referral