行列互转,是一个经常遇到的需求。实现的方法,有case when方式和2005之后的内置pivot和unpivot方法来实现。
在读了技术内幕那一节后,虽说这些解决方案早就用过了,却没有系统性的认识和总结过。为了加深认识,再总结一次。
行列互转,可以分为静态互转,即事先就知道要处理多少行(列);动态互转,事先不知道处理多少行(列)。
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--创建测试环境 USE tempdb; GO IF OBJECT_ID( 'dbo.Orders' ) IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE dbo.Orders; GO CREATE TABLE dbo.Orders ( orderid int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED, orderdate datetime NOT NULL , empid int NOT NULL , custid varchar (5) NOT NULL , qty int NOT NULL ); CREATE UNIQUE CLUSTERED INDEX idx_orderdate_orderid ON dbo.Orders(orderdate, orderid); INSERT INTO dbo.Orders(orderid, orderdate, empid, custid, qty) VALUES (30001, '20020802' , 3, 'A' , 10); INSERT INTO dbo.Orders(orderid, orderdate, empid, custid, qty) VALUES (10001, '20021224' , 1, 'A' , 12); INSERT INTO dbo.Orders(orderid, orderdate, empid, custid, qty) VALUES (10005, '20021224' , 1, 'B' , 20); INSERT INTO dbo.Orders(orderid, orderdate, empid, custid, qty) VALUES (40001, '20030109' , 4, 'A' , 40); INSERT INTO dbo.Orders(orderid, orderdate, empid, custid, qty) VALUES (10006, '20030118' , 1, 'C' , 14); INSERT INTO dbo.Orders(orderid, orderdate, empid, custid, qty) VALUES (20001, '20030212' , 2, 'B' , 12); INSERT INTO dbo.Orders(orderid, orderdate, empid, custid, qty) VALUES (40005, '20040212' , 4, 'A' , 10); INSERT INTO dbo.Orders(orderid, orderdate, empid, custid, qty) VALUES (20002, '20040216' , 2, 'C' , 20); INSERT INTO dbo.Orders(orderid, orderdate, empid, custid, qty) VALUES (30003, '20040418' , 3, 'B' , 15); INSERT INTO dbo.Orders(orderid, orderdate, empid, custid, qty) VALUES (30004, '20020418' , 3, 'C' , 22); INSERT INTO dbo.Orders(orderid, orderdate, empid, custid, qty) VALUES (30007, '20020907' , 3, 'D' , 30); GO |
行转列-静态方案:
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--行转列的静态方案一:CASE WHEN,兼容sql2000 select custid, sum ( case when YEAR (orderdate)=2002 then qty end ) as [2002], sum ( case when YEAR (orderdate)=2003 then qty end ) as [2003], sum ( case when YEAR (orderdate)=2004 then qty end ) as [2004] from orders group by custid; GO --行转列的静态方案二:PIVOT,sql2005及以后版本 select * from ( select custid, YEAR (orderdate) as years,qty from orders) as ord pivot( sum (qty) for years in ([2002],[2003],[2004])) as p GO |
行转列-动态方案:加入了xml处理和SQL注入预防判断
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--既然是用到了动态SQL,就有一个老话题:SQL注入。建一个注入性字符的判断函数。 CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[fn_CheckSQLInjection] ( @Col nvarchar(4000) ) RETURNS BIT --如果存在可能的注入字符返回true,反之返回false AS BEGIN DECLARE @result bit ; IF UPPER (@Col) LIKE UPPER (N '%0x%' ) OR UPPER (@Col) LIKE UPPER (N '%;%' ) OR UPPER (@Col) LIKE UPPER (N '%' '%' ) OR UPPER (@Col) LIKE UPPER (N '%--%' ) OR UPPER (@Col) LIKE UPPER (N '%/*%*/%' ) OR UPPER (@Col) LIKE UPPER (N '%EXEC%' ) OR UPPER (@Col) LIKE UPPER (N '%xp_%' ) OR UPPER (@Col) LIKE UPPER (N '%sp_%' ) OR UPPER (@Col) LIKE UPPER (N '%SELECT%' ) OR UPPER (@Col) LIKE UPPER (N '%INSERT%' ) OR UPPER (@Col) LIKE UPPER (N '%UPDATE%' ) OR UPPER (@Col) LIKE UPPER (N '%DELETE%' ) OR UPPER (@Col) LIKE UPPER (N '%TRUNCATE%' ) OR UPPER (@Col) LIKE UPPER (N '%CREATE%' ) OR UPPER (@Col) LIKE UPPER (N '%ALTER%' ) OR UPPER (@Col) LIKE UPPER (N '%DROP%' ) SET @result=1 ELSE SET @result=0 return @result END GO --行转列的动态方案一:CASE WHEN,兼容sql2000 DECLARE @T TABLE (years INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY ); INSERT INTO @T SELECT DISTINCT YEAR (orderdate) from orders; DECLARE @Y INT ; SET @Y=( SELECT MIN (years) from @T); DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(4000)=N '' ; WHILE @Y IS NOT NULL BEGIN SET @SQL=@SQL+N ',sum(case when YEAR(orderdate)=' + CAST (@Y AS NVARCHAR(4)) +N ' then qty end) as ' +QUOTENAME(@Y); SET @Y=( SELECT MIN (years) from @T where years>@Y); END IF dbo.fn_CheckSQLInjection(@SQL)=0 SET @SQL=N 'SELECT custid' +@SQL+N ' FROM orders group by custid' PRINT @SQL EXEC sp_executesql @SQL GO --行转列的动态方案二:PIVOT,sql2005及以后版本 DECLARE @T TABLE (years INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY ); INSERT INTO @T SELECT DISTINCT YEAR (orderdate) from orders; DECLARE @Y INT ; SET @Y=( SELECT MIN (years) from @T); DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(4000)=N '' ; --这里使用了xml处理来处理类组字符串 SET @SQL=STUFF(( SELECT N ',' +QUOTENAME(years) FROM @T FOR XML PATH( '' )),1,1,N '' ); IF dbo.fn_CheckSQLInjection(@SQL)=0 SET @SQL=N 'select * from (select DISTINCT custid,YEAR(orderdate) as years,qty from orders) as ord pivot(sum(qty) for years in(' +@SQL+N '))as p' ; PRINT @SQL; EXEC SP_EXECUTESQL @SQL; GO |
列转行:
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--列转行的静态方案:UNPIVOT,sql2005及以后版本 SELECT * FROM dbo.pvtCustOrders SELECT custid,years,qty from dbo.pvtCustOrders unpivot(qty for years in ([2002],[2003],[2004])) as up GO --列转行的动态方案:UNPIVOT,sql2005及以后版本 --因为行是动态所以这里就从INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS视图中获取列来构造行,同样也使用了XML处理。 DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(4000)=N '' ; SET @SQL=STUFF(( SELECT N ',' +QUOTENAME(COLUMN_NAME ) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE ORDINAL_POSITION>1 AND TABLE_NAME= 'PvtCustOrders' FOR XML PATH( '' )),1,1,N '' ) SET @SQL=N 'SELECT custid,years,qty from dbo.pvtCustOrders unpivot(qty for years in(' +@SQL+ '))as up' ; PRINT @SQL; EXEC SP_EXECUTESQL @SQL; |
总结
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原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/cpcpc/archive/2013/04/08/3009021.html