Map是键值对的集合,又叫作字典或关联数组等,是最常见的数据结构之一。在java如何让一个map按value排序呢? 看似简单,但却不容易!
比如,Map中key是String类型,表示一个单词,而value是int型,表示该单词出现的次数,现在我们想要按照单词出现的次数来排序:
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Map map = new TreeMap(); map.put( "me" , 1000 ); map.put( "and" , 4000 ); map.put( "you" , 3000 ); map.put( "food" , 10000 ); map.put( "hungry" , 5000 ); map.put( "later" , 6000 ); |
按值排序的结果应该是:
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key value me 1000 you 3000 and 4000 hungry 5000 later 6000 food 10000 |
首先,不能采用SortedMap结构,因为SortedMap是按键排序的Map,而不是按值排序的Map,我们要的是按值排序的Map。
Couldn't you do this with a SortedMap?
No, because the map are being sorted by its keys.
方法一:
如下Java代码:
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import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.Set; import java.util.TreeSet; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { Set set = new TreeSet(); set.add( new Pair( "me" , "1000" )); set.add( new Pair( "and" , "4000" )); set.add( new Pair( "you" , "3000" )); set.add( new Pair( "food" , "10000" )); set.add( new Pair( "hungry" , "5000" )); set.add( new Pair( "later" , "6000" )); set.add( new Pair( "myself" , "1000" )); for (Iterator i = set.iterator(); i.hasNext();) System.out.println(i.next()); } } class Pair implements Comparable { private final String name; private final int number; public Pair(String name, int number) { this .name = name; this .number = number; } public Pair(String name, String number) throws NumberFormatException { this .name = name; this .number = Integer.parseInt(number); } public int compareTo(Object o) { if (o instanceof Pair) { int cmp = Double.compare(number, ((Pair) o).number); if (cmp != 0 ) { return cmp; } return name.compareTo(((Pair) o).name); } throw new ClassCastException( "Cannot compare Pair with " + o.getClass().getName()); } public String toString() { return name + ' ' + number; } } |
类似的C++代码:
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typedef pair<string, int > PAIR; int cmp( const PAIR& x, const PAIR& y) { return x.second > y.second; } map<string, int > m; vector<PAIR> vec; for (map<wstring, int >::iterator curr = m.begin(); curr != m.end(); ++curr) { vec.push_back(make_pair(curr->first, curr->second)); } sort(vec.begin(), vec.end(), cmp); |
上面方法的实质意义是:将Map结构中的键值对(Map.Entry)封装成一个自定义的类(结构),或者直接用Map.Entry类。自定义类知道自己应该如何排序,也就是按值排序,具体为自己实现Comparable接口或构造一个Comparator对象,然后不用Map结构而采用有序集合(SortedSet, TreeSet是SortedSet的一种实现),这样就实现了Map中sort by value要达到的目的。就是说,不用Map,而是把Map.Entry当作一个对象,这样问题变为实现一个该对象的有序集合或对该对象的集合做排序。既可以用SortedSet,这样插入完成后自然就是有序的了,又或者用一个List或数组,然后再对其做排序(Collections.sort() or Arrays.sort())。
Encapsulate the information in its own class. Either implement
Comparable and write rules for the natural ordering or write a
Comparator based on your criteria. Store the information in a sorted
collection, or use the Collections.sort() method.
方法二:
You can also use the following code to sort by value:
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public static Map sortByValue(Map map) { List list = new LinkedList(map.entrySet()); Collections.sort(list, new Comparator() { public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) { return ((Comparable) ((Map.Entry) (o1)).getValue()) .compareTo(((Map.Entry) (o2)).getValue()); } }); Map result = new LinkedHashMap(); for (Iterator it = list.iterator(); it.hasNext();) { Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) it.next(); result.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()); } return result; } public static Map sortByValue(Map map, final boolean reverse) { List list = new LinkedList(map.entrySet()); Collections.sort(list, new Comparator() { public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) { if (reverse) { return -((Comparable) ((Map.Entry) (o1)).getValue()) .compareTo(((Map.Entry) (o2)).getValue()); } return ((Comparable) ((Map.Entry) (o1)).getValue()) .compareTo(((Map.Entry) (o2)).getValue()); } }); Map result = new LinkedHashMap(); for (Iterator it = list.iterator(); it.hasNext();) { Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) it.next(); result.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()); } return result; } Map map = new HashMap(); map.put( "a" , 4 ); map.put( "b" , 1 ); map.put( "c" , 3 ); map.put( "d" , 2 ); Map sorted = sortByValue(map); System.out.println(sorted); // output : {b=1, d=2, c=3, a=4} 或者还可以这样: Map map = new HashMap(); map.put( "a" , 4 ); map.put( "b" , 1 ); map.put( "c" , 3 ); map.put( "d" , 2 ); Set<Map.Entry<String, Integer>> treeSet = new TreeSet<Map.Entry<String, Integer>>( new Comparator<Map.Entry<String, Integer>>() { public int compare(Map.Entry<String, Integer> o1, Map.Entry<String, Integer> o2) { Integer d1 = o1.getValue(); Integer d2 = o2.getValue(); int r = d2.compareTo(d1); if (r != 0 ) return r; else return o2.getKey().compareTo(o1.getKey()); } }); treeSet.addAll(map.entrySet()); System.out.println(treeSet); // output : [a=4, c=3, d=2, b=1] |
另外,Groovy 中实现 sort map by value,当然本质是一样的,但却很简洁 :
用 groovy 中 map 的 sort 方法(需要 groovy 1.6),
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def result = map.sort(){ a, b -> b.value.compareTo(a.value) } |
如:
["a":3,"b":1,"c":4,"d":2].sort{ a,b -> a.value - b.value }
结果为: [b:1, d:2, a:3, c:4]
Python中也类似:
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h = { "a" : 2 , "b" : 1 , "c" : 3 } i = h.items() / / i = [( 'a' , 2 ), ( 'c' , 3 ), ( 'b' , 1 )] i.sort( lambda (k1,v1),(k2,v2): cmp (v2,v1) ) / / i = [( 'c' , 3 ), ( 'a' , 2 ), ( 'b' , 1 )] |
以上这篇浅谈Java之Map 按值排序 (Map sort by value)就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。