简述
OData,即Open Data Protocol,是由微软在2007年推出的一款开放协议,旨在通过简单、标准的方式创建和使用查询式及交互式RESTful API。
类库
在.NET Core中想要使用OData功能的话需要添加Microsoft.AspNetCore.OData包。
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dotnet add package Microsoft.AspNetCore.OData |
准备模型类
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public class Address { public string City { get ; set ; } public string Street { get ; set ; } } public enum Category { Book, Magazine, EBook } public class Press { public int Id { get ; set ; } public string Name { get ; set ; } public string Email { get ; set ; } public Category Category { get ; set ; } } public class Book { public int Id { get ; set ; } public string ISBN { get ; set ; } public string Title { get ; set ; } public string Author { get ; set ; } public decimal Price { get ; set ; } public Address Address { get ; set ; } public Press Press { get ; set ; } } |
创建Edm模型
OData使用EDM,即Entity Data Model来描述数据的结构。在Startup文件中添加创建方法。
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private static IEdmModel GetEdmModel() { var builder = new ODataConventionModelBuilder(); builder.EntitySet<Book>( "Books" ); builder.EntitySet<Press>( "Presses" ); return builder.GetEdmModel(); } |
注册OData服务
在Startup文件的ConfigureServices方法里注册OData服务。
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services.AddOData(); services.AddMvc(options => { options.EnableEndpointRouting = false ; }).SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2); |
这里要注意的是在.NET Core 2.2里,默认已经有终结点,所以要使用OData的终结点的话需要将默认选项禁用掉。
注册OData终结点
同样在Startup文件里,在其Configure方法内将原来的注册路由内容改为注册OData的终结点。
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app.UseMvc(b => { b.MapODataServiceRoute( "odata" , "odata" , GetEdmModel()); }); |
显示元数据
运行程序后访问https://localhost:5001/odata/$metadata地址,可以看到所有可用模型的元数据。
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< edmx:Edmx xmlns:edmx = "http://docs.oasis-open.org/odata/ns/edmx" Version = "4.0" > < edmx:DataServices > < Schema xmlns = "http://docs.oasis-open.org/odata/ns/edm" Namespace = "Default" > < EntityType Name = "Book" > < Key > < PropertyRef Name = "Id" /> </ Key > < Property Name = "Id" Type = "Edm.Int32" Nullable = "false" /> < Property Name = "ISBN" Type = "Edm.String" /> < Property Name = "Title" Type = "Edm.String" /> < Property Name = "Author" Type = "Edm.String" /> < Property Name = "Price" Type = "Edm.Decimal" Nullable = "false" /> < Property Name = "Address" Type = "Default.Address" /> < NavigationProperty Name = "Press" Type = "Default.Press" /> </ EntityType > < EntityType Name = "Press" > < Key > < PropertyRef Name = "Id" /> </ Key > < Property Name = "Id" Type = "Edm.Int32" Nullable = "false" /> < Property Name = "Name" Type = "Edm.String" /> < Property Name = "Email" Type = "Edm.String" /> < Property Name = "Category" Type = "Default.Category" Nullable = "false" /> </ EntityType > < ComplexType Name = "Address" > < Property Name = "City" Type = "Edm.String" /> < Property Name = "Street" Type = "Edm.String" /> </ ComplexType > < EnumType Name = "Category" > < Member Name = "Book" Value = "0" /> < Member Name = "Magazine" Value = "1" /> < Member Name = "EBook" Value = "2" /> </ EnumType > < EntityContainer Name = "Container" > < EntitySet Name = "Books" EntityType = "Default.Book" > < NavigationPropertyBinding Path = "Press" Target = "Presses" /> </ EntitySet > < EntitySet Name = "Presses" EntityType = "Default.Press" /> </ EntityContainer > </ Schema > </ edmx:DataServices > </ edmx:Edmx > |
创建Controller
本文实例中不考虑数据库的操作,故而使用hard code方式构建必要的模型对象。
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public class BooksController : ODataController { private static IList<Book> Books { get ; set ;} public BooksController() { Books = new List<Book> { new Book { Id = 1, ISBN = "111-0-321-56789-1" , Title = "Calculus" , Price = 66.6m, Address = new Address { City = "Shanghai" , Street = "Beijin Xi Road" }, Press = new Press { Id = 1, Name = "Shanghai Tongji" , Category = Category.Book } }, new Book { Id = 2, ISBN = "222-2-654-00000-2" , Title = "Linear Algebra" , Price = 53.2m, Address = new Address { City = "Shanghai" , Street = "Beijin Dong Road" }, Press = new Press { Id = 2, Name = "Shanghai Fudan" , Category = Category.EBook } } }; } [EnableQuery] public IActionResult Get() { return Ok(Books); } [EnableQuery] public IActionResult Get( int key) { return Ok(Books.FirstOrDefault(b => b.Id == key)); } } |
EnableQuery特性在需要高级查询的场景时必须添加。
查询
加入Controller之后,访问https://localhost:5001/odata/Books地址,可得到所有Book数据。
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{ "@odata.context" : "https://localhost:5001/odata/$metadata#Books" , "value" : [ { "Id" : 1, "ISBN" : "111-0-321-56789-1" , "Title" : "Calculus" , "Author" : null , "Price" : 66.6, "Address" : { "City" : "Shanghai" , "Street" : "Beijin Xi Road" } }, { "Id" : 2, "ISBN" : "222-2-654-00000-2" , "Title" : "Linear Algebra" , "Author" : null , "Price" : 53.2, "Address" : { "City" : "Shanghai" , "Street" : "Beijin Dong Road" } } ] } |
访问https://localhost:5001/odata/Books(1)地址,可得到key值为1的Book数据。
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{ "@odata.context" : "https://localhost:5001/odata/$metadata#Books/$entity" , "Id" : 1, "ISBN" : "111-0-321-56789-1" , "Title" : "Calculus" , "Author" : null , "Price" : 66.6, "Address" : { "City" : "Shanghai" , "Street" : "Beijin Xi Road" } } |
高级查询
如果想要使用OData查询的高级功能,可以在注册终结点时额外加上相应的配置。
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app.UseMvc(b => { b.Select().Expand().Filter().OrderBy().MaxTop(100).Count(); b.MapODataServiceRoute( "odata" , "odata" , GetEdmModel()); }); |
访问网址时加上所需的查询内容:
https://localhost:5001/odata/Books?$select=Id,Title
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{ "@odata.context" : "https://localhost:5001/odata/$metadata#Books(Id,Title)" , "value" : [ { "Id" : 1, "Title" : "Calculus" }, { "Id" : 2, "Title" : "Linear Algebra" } ] } |
如果想要按特定条件过滤数据内容的话也很容易:
https://localhost:5001/odata/Books?$filter=Price%20le%2060
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{ "@odata.context" : "https://localhost:5001/odata/$metadata#Books" , "value" : [ { "Id" : 2, "ISBN" : "222-2-654-00000-2" , "Title" : "Linear Algebra" , "Author" : null , "Price" : 53.2, "Address" : { "City" : "Shanghai" , "Street" : "Beijin Dong Road" } } ] } |
总结
不难看出,OData的真正魅力在于其对那些高级查询功能的支持,所以在创建RESTful API时,不妨考虑使用OData,这样应该能减少许多不必要的代码工作。
好了,以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流,谢谢大家对服务器之家的支持。
原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/kenwoo/p/10360260.html