Bottle是一个轻量级的Web框架,此框架只由一个 bottle.py 文件构成,不依赖任何第三方模块。
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#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from bottle import template, Bottle app = Bottle() @app .route( '/say' ) def index(): return "Hello World" # return template('<b>Hello {{name}}</b>!', name="bottle") if __name__ = = '__main__' : app.run(server = "tornado" ,host = '0.0.0.0' , port = 8888 ) |
1、路由系统
路由系统是的url对应指定函数,当用户请求某个url时,就由指定函数处理当前请求,对于Bottle的路由系统可以分为一下几类:
- 静态路由
- 动态路由
- 请求方法路由
- 二级路由
1.1静态路由
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@app .route( "/login" ) # 默认为get请求 def hello(): return """ <form action="/login" method="post"> Username:<input name="username" type="text" /> Password:<input name="password" type="password" /> <input value="Login" type="submit"/> </form> """ @app .route( "/login" ,method = "POST" ) def do_login(): username = request.forms.get( "username" ) password = request.forms.get( "password" ) print (username,password) if username and password: return "<p>login success</p>" else : return "<p>login failure</p>" |
1.2动态路由
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@app .route( '/say/<name>' ) def callback(name): return template( '<b>Hello {{name}}</b>!' ) @app .route( '/say/<id:int>' ) def callback( id ): return template( '<b>Hello {{id}}</b>!' ) @app .route( '/say/<name:re:[a-z]+>' ) def callback(name): return template( '<b>Hello {{name}}</b>!' ) @app .route( '/static/<path:path>' ) def callback(path): return static_file(path, root = 'static' ) |
1.3请求方法路由
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@app .route( '/hello/' , method = 'POST' ) # 等同于@app.post('/hello/') def index(): ... @app .get( '/hello/' ) # 等同于@app.route('/hello/',method='GET') def index(): ... @app .post( '/hello/' ) # 等同于@app.route('/hello/',method='POST') def index(): ... @app .put( '/hello/' ) # 等同于@app.route('/hello/',method='PUT') def index(): ... @app .delete( '/hello/' ) def index(): ... |
1.4二级路由
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#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from bottle import template, Bottle app01 = Bottle() @app01 .route( '/hello/' , method = 'GET' ) def index(): return template( '<b>App01</b>!' ) app01.py |
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#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from bottle import template, Bottle app02 = Bottle() @app02 .route( '/hello/' , method = 'GET' ) def index(): return template( '<b>App02</b>!' ) app02.py |
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#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from bottle import template, Bottle from bottle import static_file app = Bottle() @app .route( '/hello/' ) def index(): return template( '<b>Root {{name}}</b>!' , name = "bottle" ) from root_dir import app01 from root_dir import app02 app.mount( 'app01' , app01.app01) app.mount( 'app02' , app02.app02) app.run(host = 'localhost' , port = 8888 ) |
1.5静态文件映射,static_file()函数用于响应静态文件的请求
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# 静态文件映射,static_file()函数用于响应静态文件 的请求 @app .route( "/static/<filename:re:.*\.jpg>" ) def send_image(filename): return static_file(filename, root = os.getcwd(), mimetype = "image/jpg" ) @app .route( "/static/<filename:path>" ) # 可匹配路径 def send_image(filename): return static_file(filename, root = os.getcwd(), mimetype = "image/jpg" ) # 强制下载 @app .route( "/static/<filename:path>" ) # 可匹配路径 def download(filename): return static_file(filename, root = os.getcwd(), download = filename) |
1.6使用error()函数自定义错误页面
@app.error(404)
def error404(error):
return "我找不到目标了,我发生错误了"
1.7HTTP错误和重定向
abort()函数是生成HTTP错误的页面的一个捷径
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@app .route( "/restricted" ) def restricted() abort( 401 , "Sorry, access denied" ) # 将url重定向到其他url,可以在location中设置新的url,接着返回一个303 # redirect()函数可以帮助我们做这件事 @app .route( "/wrong/url" ) def wrong() redirect( "/right/url" ) |
其他异常
除了HTTPResponse或者HTTPError以外的其他异常,都会导致500错误,因此不会造成WSGI服务器崩溃
将bottle.app().catchall的值设为False来关闭这种行为,以便在中间件中处理异常
2.cookies
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@app .route( "/login" , method = "POST" ) def do_login(): username = request.forms.get( "username" ) password = request.forms.get( "password" ) print (username, password) if username and password: response.set_cookie( "name" ,username, secret = 'some-secret-key' ) # 设置cookie return "<p>login success</p>" else : return "<p>login failure</p>" @app .route( "/static/<filename:re:.*\.jpg>" ) def send_image(filename): username = request.get_cookie( "name" , secret = 'some-secret-key' ) # 获取cookie if username: return static_file(filename, root = os.getcwd(), mimetype = "image/jpg" ) else : return "verify failed" |
bottle就的 set_cookie 的默认 path 是当前路径,也就是说,在这个页面上存入的 cookie 在别的页面通常是取不到的,不熟悉这点的人几乎都要栽在这里。而且更坑的是:set_cookie 有 path 参数可以指定 path ,但 get_cookie 却没有这个 path 参数可选——也就是说,你即使设置了其它 path ,如果 get_cookie 的时候不是刚好在那个 path 下的话,也取不到……
解决方法:把所有的 cookie 都放到"/"下面,至少目前用下来感觉没问题。
注:request.query 或 request.forms 都是一个 FormDict 类型,
其特点是:当以属性方式访问数据时——如 request.query.name,返回的结果是 unicode ,当以字典试访问数据时,如 :request.query['name']或者request.query.get("name"),则返回的结果是原编码字符串
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/caijunchao/p/12608695.html