在Django里,流式响应StreamingHttpResponse是个好东西,可以快速、节省内存地产生一个大型文件。
目前项目里用于流式响应的一个是Eventsource,用于改善跨系统通讯时用户产生的慢速的感觉。这个不细说了。
还有一个就是生成一个大的csv文件。
当Django进程处于gunicorn或者uwsgi等web容器中时,如果响应超过一定时间没有返回,就会被web容器终止掉,虽然我们可以通过加长web容器的超时时间来绕过这个问题,但是毕竟还是治标不治本。要根本上解决这个问题,Python的生成器、Django框架提供的StreamingHttpResponse这个流式响应很有帮助
而在csv中,中文的处理也至关重要,要保证用excel打开csv不乱码什么的。。为了节约空间,我就把所有代码贴到一起了。。实际使用按照项目的规划放置哈
上代码:
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from __future__ import absolute_import import csv import codecs import cStringIO class Echo( object ): def write( self , value): return value class UnicodeWriter: """ A CSV writer which will write rows to CSV file "f", which is encoded in the given encoding. """ def __init__( self , f, dialect = csv.excel, encoding = "utf-8" , * * kwds): # Redirect output to a queue self .queue = cStringIO.StringIO() self .writer = csv.writer( self .queue, dialect = dialect, * * kwds) self .stream = f self .encoder = codecs.getincrementalencoder(encoding)() def writerow( self , row): self .writer.writerow([handle_column(s) for s in row]) # Fetch UTF-8 output from the queue ... data = self .queue.getvalue() data = data.decode( "utf-8" ) # ... and reencode it into the target encoding data = self .encoder.encode(data) # write to the target stream value = self .stream.write(data) # empty queue self .queue.truncate( 0 ) return value def writerows( self , rows): for row in rows: self .writerow(row) |
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from django.views.generic import View from django.http.response import StreamingHttpResponse class ExampleView(View): headers = [ '一些' , '表头' ] def get( self ,request): result = [[ '第一行' , '数据1' ], [ '第二行' , '数据2' ]] echoer = Echo() writer = UnicodeWriter(echoer) def csv_itertor(): yield codecs.BOM_UTF8 yield writer.writerow( self .headers) for column in result: yield writer.writerow(column) response = StreamingHttpResponse( (row for row in csv_itertor()), content_type = "text/csv;charset=utf-8" ) response[ 'Content-Disposition' ] = 'attachment;filename="example.csv"' return response |