相对列表来说,有些时候我们更需要获取单个的对象, `` get()`` 方法就是在此时使用的:
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>>> Publisher.objects.get(name = "Apress" ) <Publisher: Apress> |
这样,就返回了单个对象,而不是列表(更准确的说,QuerySet)。 所以,如果结果是多个对象,会导致抛出异常:
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>>> Publisher.objects.get(country = "U.S.A." ) Traceback (most recent call last): ... MultipleObjectsReturned: get() returned more than one Publisher - - it returned 2 ! Lookup parameters were { 'country' : 'U.S.A.' } |
如果查询没有返回结果也会抛出异常:
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>>> Publisher.objects.get(name = "Penguin" ) Traceback (most recent call last): ... DoesNotExist: Publisher matching query does not exist. |
这个 DoesNotExist 异常 是 Publisher 这个 model 类的一个属性,即 Publisher.DoesNotExist。在你的应用中,你可以捕获并处理这个异常,像这样:
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try : p = Publisher.objects.get(name = 'Apress' ) except Publisher.DoesNotExist: print "Apress isn't in the database yet." else : print "Apress is in the database." |