除了使用Django内置表单，有时往往我们需要自定义表单。对于自定义表单Post方式提交往往会带来由CSRF(跨站请求伪造)产生的错误"CSRF verification failed. Request aborted."
本篇文章主要针对"表单提交"和"Ajax提交"两种方式来解决CSRF带来的错误
一、表单提交
Template：
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>计算数字和</title></head><body> <form method="post" action="{%url 'Calculate' %}"> {% csrf_token %} <label for="A"><input id="A" name="ValueA" type="text"></label> <label for="B"><input id="B" name="ValueB" type="text"></label> <input type="submit" value="开始计算"> </form></body></html> |
Views.py:
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def Calculate(request): if request.POST: a=request.POST["ValueA"] b=request.POST["ValueB"] c=str(int(a)+int(b)) return render_to_response('Result.html',{'result':c}) else: return render_to_response('Calculation.html',context_instance=RequestContext(request)) |
需要注意：
(1)在<form>标签内添加{% csrf_token %},这样在表单提交的过程中，会产生"csrfmiddlewaretoken"标识去防止CSRF
(2)在Get请求页面时，需要添加context_instance=RequestContext(request) ,它和{% csrf_token %}配合使用，缺少一个都会出现上述错误,RequestContext 需要在 django.shortcuts 导入
(3)只有当表单以Post方式提交时，才需要验证CSRF，Get方式是不需要的
二、Ajax提交
同比与表单提交，Ajax提交需要进行额外的操作，Ajax提交时需要自己提供"csrfmiddlewaretoken"标识参数。我们除了需要引入JQuery外还需要引入一段JS代码
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jQuery(document).ajaxSend(function(event, xhr, settings) { function getCookie(name) { var cookieValue = null; if (document.cookie && document.cookie != '') { var cookies = document.cookie.split(';'); for (var i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) { var cookie = jQuery.trim(cookies[i]); // Does this cookie string begin with the name we want? if (cookie.substring(0, name.length + 1) == (name + '=')) { cookieValue = decodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(name.length + 1)); break; } } } return cookieValue; } function sameOrigin(url) { // url could be relative or scheme relative or absolute var host = document.location.host; // host + port var protocol = document.location.protocol; var sr_origin = '//' + host; var origin = protocol + sr_origin; // Allow absolute or scheme relative URLs to same origin return (url == origin || url.slice(0, origin.length + 1) == origin + '/') || (url == sr_origin || url.slice(0, sr_origin.length + 1) == sr_origin + '/') || // or any other URL that isn't scheme relative or absolute i.e relative. !(/^(\/\/|http:|https:).*/.test(url)); } function safeMethod(method) { return (/^(GET|HEAD|OPTIONS|TRACE)$/.test(method)); } if (!safeMethod(settings.type) && sameOrigin(settings.url)) { xhr.setRequestHeader("X-CSRFToken", getCookie('csrftoken')); }}); |
Template：
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Ajax 提交</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ajaxSend(function(event, xhr, settings) { function getCookie(name) { var cookieValue = null; if (document.cookie && document.cookie != '') { var cookies = document.cookie.split(';'); for (var i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) { var cookie = jQuery.trim(cookies[i]); // Does this cookie string begin with the name we want? if (cookie.substring(0, name.length + 1) == (name + '=')) { cookieValue = decodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(name.length + 1)); break; } } } return cookieValue; } function sameOrigin(url) { // url could be relative or scheme relative or absolute var host = document.location.host; // host + port var protocol = document.location.protocol; var sr_origin = '//' + host; var origin = protocol + sr_origin; // Allow absolute or scheme relative URLs to same origin return (url == origin || url.slice(0, origin.length + 1) == origin + '/') || (url == sr_origin || url.slice(0, sr_origin.length + 1) == sr_origin + '/') || // or any other URL that isn't scheme relative or absolute i.e relative. !(/^(\/\/|http:|https:).*/.test(url)); } function safeMethod(method) { return (/^(GET|HEAD|OPTIONS|TRACE)$/.test(method)); } if (!safeMethod(settings.type) && sameOrigin(settings.url)) { xhr.setRequestHeader("X-CSRFToken", getCookie('csrftoken')); }}); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function(){ $.ajaxSetup({ data:{csrfmiddlewaretoken: '{{ csrf_token }}'} }); $("#Comment").click(function(){ $.post('{% url 'AjaxRequest' %}',{"a":$("#A").val(),"b":$("#B").val()},function(data){ $("#result").html(data); }); }); }); </script></head><body> <label for="A"><input id="A" name="ValueA" type="text"></label> <label for="B"><input id="B" name="ValueB" type="text"></label> <input type="button" id="Comment" value="开始计算"> <h1>计算的结果为：<span id="result"></span></h1></body></html> |
View.py：
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def AjaxRequest(request): if request.POST: a =request.POST["a"] b=request.POST["b"] c=int(a)+int(b) return JsonResponse(c,safe=False) else: return render_to_response('AjaxDemo.html',context_instance=RequestContext(request)) |
需要注意：
(1)在使用引入的JS代码后，需要添加如下代码，这样JS就可以自动帮我们生成"csrfmiddlewaretoken"标识,接下来你就可以使用$.post()了
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$.ajaxSetup({ data:{csrfmiddlewaretoken: '{{ csrf_token }}'} }); |
(2)context_instance=RequestContext(request) 并不是必须的
(3)Get请求不需要以上操作，直接使用$.get()即可
注：本文使用的Django1.8.3版本进行测试。
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
