一）URL代理请求
该方式请求有两种代理方式。
方式一：使用该方式代理之后，之后的所有接口都会使用代理请求
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// 对http开启全局代理System.setProperty("http.proxyHost", "192.168.1.1");System.setProperty("http.proxyPort", "80"); // 对https开启全局代理System.setProperty("https.proxyHost", "192.168.1.1");System.setProperty("https.proxyPort", "80"); |
方式二：适用于只有部分接口需要代理请求场景
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Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress("192.168.1.1", 80));try { conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);} catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace();} |
二）无参数GET请求
方法解析：
HttpGetUtils.doGetNoParameters(String requestURL, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort);
requestURL：请求路径，必填
proxyHost：代理IP，即服务器代理地址，可为null
proxyPort：代理端口，可为null
说明：一般本地测试几乎是不会用代理的，只有服务器用代理方式请求比较多。
实现源码：
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package com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils; import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import java.net.HttpURLConnection;import java.net.InetSocketAddress;import java.net.MalformedURLException;import java.net.Proxy;import java.net.Proxy.Type;import java.net.URL; /** * http请求工具类 * @author ouyangjun */public class HttpGetUtils { /** * http get请求, 不带参数 * @param requestURL * @param method * @return */ public static String doGetNoParameters(String requestURL, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort) { // 记录信息 StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); HttpURLConnection conn = null; try { URL url = new URL(requestURL); // 判断是否需要代理模式请求http if (proxyHost != null && proxyPort != null) { // 如果是本机自己测试, 不需要代理请求,但发到服务器上的时候需要代理请求 // 对http开启全局代理 //System.setProperty("http.proxyHost", proxyHost); //System.setProperty("http.proxyPort", proxyPort); // 对https开启全局代理 //System.setProperty("https.proxyHost", proxyHost); //System.setProperty("https.proxyPort", proxyPort); // 代理访问http请求 Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress(proxyHost, proxyPort)); conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy); } else { // 原生访问http请求，未代理请求 conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); } // 设置请求的属性 conn.setDoOutput(true); // 是否可以输出 conn.setRequestMethod("GET"); // 请求方式, 只包含"GET", "POST", "HEAD", "OPTIONS", "PUT", "DELETE", "TRACE"六种 conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高超时时间 conn.setReadTimeout(60000); // 最高读取时间 conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高连接时间 // 读取数据 InputStream is = null; InputStreamReader inputReader = null; BufferedReader reader = null; try { is = conn.getInputStream(); inputReader = new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"); reader = new BufferedReader(inputReader); String temp; while ((temp = reader.readLine()) != null) { buffer.append(temp); } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("HttpGetUtils doGetNoParameters error: " + e); } finally { try { if (reader != null) { reader.close(); } if (inputReader != null) { inputReader.close(); } if (is != null) { is.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("HttpGetUtils doGetNoParameters error: " + e); } } } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { // 当http连接空闲时, 释放资源 if (conn != null) { conn.disconnect(); } } // 返回信息 return buffer.length()==0 ? "" : buffer.toString(); }} |
三）带参数POST请求
方法解析：
HttpPostUtils.doPost(String requestURL, String params, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort);
requestURL：请求路径，必填
params：请求参数，必填，数据格式为JSON
proxyHost：代理IP，即服务器代理地址，可为null
proxyPort：代理端口，可为null
说明：一般本地测试几乎是不会用代理的，只有服务器用代理方式请求比较多。
实现源码：
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package com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils; import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import java.io.OutputStream;import java.net.HttpURLConnection;import java.net.InetSocketAddress;import java.net.MalformedURLException;import java.net.Proxy;import java.net.Proxy.Type;import java.net.URL; /** * http请求工具类 * @author ouyangjun */public class HttpPostUtils { /** * http post请求, 带参数 * @param requestURL * @param params * @return */ public static String doPost(String requestURL, String params, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort) { // 记录信息 StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); HttpURLConnection conn = null; try { URL url = new URL(requestURL); // 判断是否需要代理模式请求http if (proxyHost != null && proxyPort != null) { // 如果是本机自己测试, 不需要代理请求,但发到服务器上的时候需要代理请求 // 对http开启全局代理 //System.setProperty("http.proxyHost", proxyHost); //System.setProperty("http.proxyPort", proxyPort); // 对https开启全局代理 //System.setProperty("https.proxyHost", proxyHost); //System.setProperty("https.proxyPort", proxyPort); // 代理访问http请求 Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress(proxyHost, proxyPort)); conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy); } else { // 原生访问http请求，未代理请求 conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); } // 设置请求的属性 conn.setDoOutput(true); // 是否可以输出 conn.setRequestMethod("POST"); // 请求方式, 只包含"GET", "POST", "HEAD", "OPTIONS", "PUT", "DELETE", "TRACE"六种 conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高超时时间 conn.setReadTimeout(60000); // 最高读取时间 conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高连接时间 conn.setDoInput(true); // 是否可以输入 if (params != null) { // 设置参数为json格式 conn.setRequestProperty("Content-type", "application/json"); // 写入参数信息 OutputStream os = conn.getOutputStream(); try { os.write(params.getBytes("UTF-8")); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e); } finally { try { if (os != null) { os.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e); } } } // 读取数据 InputStream is = null; InputStreamReader inputReader = null; BufferedReader reader = null; try { is = conn.getInputStream(); inputReader = new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"); reader = new BufferedReader(inputReader); String temp; while ((temp = reader.readLine()) != null) { buffer.append(temp); } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e); } finally { try { if (reader != null) { reader.close(); } if (inputReader != null) { inputReader.close(); } if (is != null) { is.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e); } } } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { // 当http连接空闲时, 释放资源 if (conn != null) { conn.disconnect(); } } // 返回信息 return buffer.length()==0 ? "" : buffer.toString(); }} |
四）Http模拟测试
本案例是使用了微信公众号两个接口作为了测试案例。
appID和appsecret需要申请了微信公众号才能获取到。
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package com.ouyangjun.wechat.test; import com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils.HttpGetUtils;import com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils.HttpPostUtils; public class TestHttp { private final static String WECHAT_APPID=""; // appid, 需申请微信公众号才能拿到 private final static String WECHAT_APPSECRET=""; // appsecret, 需申请微信公众号才能拿到 public static void main(String[] args) { // 获取微信公众号token getWeChatToken(); // 修改用户备注信息 String token = "31_1uw5em_HrgkfXok6drZkDZLKsBfbNJr9WTdzdkc_Tdat-9tpOezWsNI6tBMkyPe_zDHjErIS1r0dgnTpT5bfKXcASShJVhPqumivRP21PvQe3Cbfztgs1IL2Jpy7kw3Y09bC1urlWzDA52mtEDGcADAVUX"; String openid = "oCh4n0-6JKQpJgBOPA5tytoYb0VY"; updateUserRemark(token, openid); } /** * 根据appid和appsecret获取微信token，返回json格式数据，需自行解析 * @return */ public static String getWeChatToken() { String requestURL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid="+WECHAT_APPID+"&secret="+WECHAT_APPSECRET; String token = HttpGetUtils.doGetNoParameters(requestURL, null, null); System.out.println("wechat token: " + token); return token; } /** * 修改用户备注，返回json格式数据，需自行解析 * @param token * @param openid * @return */ public static String updateUserRemark(String token, String openid) { // 封装json参数 String jsonParams = "{\"openid\":\""+openid+"\",\"remark\":\"oysept\"}"; String msg = HttpPostUtils.doPost(reuqestURL, jsonParams, null, null); System.out.println("msg: " + msg); return jsonParams; }} |
补充知识：Java HttpURLConnection post set params 设置请求参数的三种方法 实践总结
我就废话不多说了，大家还是直接看代码吧~
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/** * the first way to set params * OutputStream */byte[] bytesParams = paramsStr.getBytes();// 发送请求params参数OutputStream outStream=connection.getOutputStream();outStream.write(bytesParams);outStream.flush();/** * the second way to set params * PrintWriter */ PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(connection.getOutputStream());//PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(connection.getOutputStream(),"UTF-8"));// 发送请求params参数printWriter.write(paramsStr);printWriter.flush();/** * the third way to set params * OutputStreamWriter */OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter( connection.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");// 发送请求params参数out.write(paramsStr);out.flush(); |
demo：
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/** * @param pathurl * @param paramsStr * @return */ private static String postUrlBackStr(String pathurl, String paramsStr) { String backStr = ""; InputStream inputStream = null; ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null; try { URL url = new URL(pathurl); HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); // 设定请求的方法为"POST"，默认是GET connection.setRequestMethod("POST"); connection.setConnectTimeout(50000); connection.setReadTimeout(50000); // User-Agent IE11 的标识 connection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.3; Trident/7.0;rv:11.0)like Gecko"); connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "zh-CN"); connection.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive"); connection.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8"); /** * 当我们要获取我们请求的http地址访问的数据时就是使用connection.getInputStream().read()方式时我们就需要setDoInput(true)， 根据api文档我们可知doInput默认就是为true。我们可以不用手动设置了，如果不需要读取输入流的话那就setDoInput(false)。 当我们要采用非get请求给一个http网络地址传参 就是使用connection.getOutputStream().write() 方法时我们就需要setDoOutput(true), 默认是false */ // 设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入，默认情况下是true; connection.setDoInput(true); // 设置是否向httpUrlConnection输出，如果是post请求，参数要放在http正文内，因此需要设为true, 默认是false; connection.setDoOutput(true); connection.setUseCaches(false); /** * the first way to set params * OutputStream */ /* byte[] bytesParams = paramsStr.getBytes(); // 发送请求params参数 OutputStream outStream=connection.getOutputStream(); outStream.write(bytesParams); outStream.flush(); */ /** * the second way to set params * PrintWriter */ /* PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(connection.getOutputStream()); //PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(connection.getOutputStream(),"UTF-8")); // 发送请求params参数 printWriter.write(paramsStr); printWriter.flush();*/ /** * the third way to set params * OutputStreamWriter */ OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter( connection.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8"); // 发送请求params参数 out.write(paramsStr); out.flush(); connection.connect();// int contentLength = connection.getContentLength(); if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) { inputStream = connection.getInputStream();//会隐式调用connect() baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); int readLen; byte[] bytes = new byte[1024]; while ((readLen = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) { baos.write(bytes, 0, readLen); } backStr = baos.toString(); Log.i(TAG, "backStr:" + backStr); } else { Log.e(TAG, "请求失败 code:" + connection.getResponseCode()); } } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (baos != null) { baos.close(); } if (inputStream != null) { inputStream.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return backStr; } |
以上这篇浅谈Java HttpURLConnection请求方式就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/p812438109/article/details/105105188
