Python 操作 MySQL数据库_Python

开发环境与配置

win_x64
Ubuntu14.04
Python3.x

pip安装pymysql模块

直接使用pip安装 pip install pymysql
win64上直接在cmd中执行

连接本地数据库

使用模块pymysql连接数据库

本地数据库相关配置请参阅： http://rustfisher.github.io/2017/02/25/backend/MySQL_install/

									#!/usr/bin/python

									# coding=utf-8

									import pymysql

									# 连接本地数据库

									conn = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', port=3306, user='root', passwd='yourpwd', db='samp_db1', charset='utf8')

									cursor = conn.cursor()

									cursor.execute('select * from bigstu')

									for row in cursor.fetchall():

									  print(row)

									# 查

									cursor.execute('select id, name from bigstu where age > 22')

									for res in cursor.fetchall():

									  print(str(res[0]) + ", " + res[1])

									cursor.close()

									print('-- end --')

输出：

(1, '张三', '男', 24, datetime.date(2017, 3, 29), '13666665555')
(6, '小刚', '男', 23, datetime.date(2017, 3, 11), '778899888')
(8, '小霞', '女', 20, datetime.date(2017, 3, 13), '13712345678')
(12, '小智', '男', 21, datetime.date(2017, 3, 7), '13787654321')
1, 张三
6, 小刚
-- end --

可以直接执行sql语句。获得的结果是元组。

sql相似条件查询

1	`SELECT` `*` `FROM` `anindex.subject_basic_table` `where` `season_id` `having` `'2018';`

增

插入数据

插入一条数据，接上面的代码

									insertSql = "insert into bigstu (name, sex, age, mobile) values ('%s','%s',%d,'%s') "

									xiuji = ('秀吉', '男', 15, '13400001111')

									cursor.execute(insertSql % xiuji)

									conn.commit() # 别忘了提交

添加列

在mobile后面添加一列cash

1 2	`addCo` `=` `"alter table bigstu add cash int after mobile"` `cursor.execute(addCo)`

如果要设置默认值

1 2	`addCo` `=` `"alter table bigstu add cash int default 0 after mobile"` `cursor.execute(addCo)`

删

删除数据

删除 name=秀吉的数据

1 2	`deleteSql` `=` `"delete from bigstu where name = '%s'"` `cursor.execute(deleteSql` `%` `'秀吉')`

删除列

删除cash列

1 2	`dropCo` `=` `"alter table bigstu drop cash"` `cursor.execute(dropCo)`

改

修改数据

更新符合条件的数据

									updateSql = "update bigstu set sex = '%s' where name = '%s'"

									updateXiuji = ('秀吉', '秀吉') # 秀吉的性别是秀吉

									cursor.execute(updateSql % updateXiuji)

									conn.commit()

事物处理

给某个记录的cash增加

									table = "bigstu"

									addCash = "update " + table + " set cash = cash + '%d' where name = '%s'"

									lucky = (1000, "秀吉")

									try:

									  cursor.execute(addCash % lucky)

									except Exception as e:

									  conn.rollback()

									  print("加钱失败了")

									else:

									  conn.commit()

直接执行SQL语句，十分方便

代码片段

给数据库添加列

从json中读取需要添加的列名，获取当前2个表中所有的列名
整理得出需要插入的列名，然后将列插入到相应的表中

									import pymysql

									import json

									import os

									import secureUtils

									mapping_keys = json.load(open("key_mapping_db.json", "r"))

									db_keys = [] # json中所有的key

									for k in mapping_keys.values():

									  db_keys.append(k)

									conn = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', port=3306, user='root',

									            passwd='*****', db='db_name', charset='utf8')

									cursor = conn.cursor()

									table_main = "table_main"

									main_table_keys = [] # 主表的列名

									cursor.execute("show columns from " + table_main)

									for row in cursor.fetchall():

									  main_table_keys.append(row[0])

									staff_table_keys = []

									cursor.execute("show columns from table_second")

									for row in cursor.fetchall():

									  staff_table_keys.append(row[0])

									need_to_insert_keys = []

									for k in db_keys:

									  if k not in staff_table_keys and k not in main_table_keys and k not in need_to_insert_keys:

									    need_to_insert_keys.append(k)

									print("need to insert " + str(len(need_to_insert_keys)))

									print(need_to_insert_keys)

									for kn in need_to_insert_keys:

									  print("add key to db " + kn)

									  cursor.execute("alter table staff_table add " + kn +" text")

									conn.close()

将字段字符改变

这里将main_table_keys中的所有字段改为utf8

									# change column character set to utf8

									for co in main_table_keys:

									  change_sql = "alter table " + table_main + " modify " + co + " text character set utf8"

									  print(change_sql)

									  cursor.execute(change_sql)

以上就是Python 如何操作 MySQL的详细内容，更多关于Python 操作 MySQL的资料请关注服务器之家其它相关文章！

原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/rustfisher/p/11750394.html

Python 操作 MySQL数据库

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