题目:
一个环形单链表,从头结点开始向后,指针每移动一个结点,就计数加1,当数到第m个节点时,就把该结点删除,然后继续从下一个节点开始从1计数,循环往复,直到环形单链表中只剩下了一个结点,返回该结点。
这个问题就是著名的约瑟夫问题。
代码:
首先给出环形单链表的数据结构:
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class Node( object ): def __init__( self , value, next = 0 ): self .value = value self . next = next # 指针 class RingLinkedList( object ): # 链表的数据结构 def __init__( self ): self .head = 0 # 头部 def __getitem__( self , key): if self .is_empty(): print 'Linked list is empty.' return elif key < 0 or key > self .get_length(): print 'The given key is wrong.' return else : return self .get_elem(key) def __setitem__( self , key, value): if self .is_empty(): print 'Linked list is empty.' return elif key < 0 or key > self .get_length(): print 'The given key is wrong.' return else : return self .set_elem(key, value) def init_list( self , data): # 按列表给出 data self .head = Node(data[ 0 ]) p = self .head # 指针指向头结点 for i in data[ 1 :]: p. next = Node(i) # 确定指针指向下一个结点 p = p. next # 指针滑动向下一个位置 p. next = self .head def get_length( self ): p, length = self .head, 0 while p ! = 0 : length + = 1 p = p. next if p = = self .head: break return length def is_empty( self ): if self .head = = 0 : return True else : return False def insert_node( self , index, value): length = self .get_length() if index < 0 or index > length: print 'Can not insert node into the linked list.' elif index = = 0 : temp = self .head self .head = Node(value, temp) p = self .head for _ in xrange ( 0 , length): p = p. next print "p.value" , p.value p. next = self .head elif index = = length: elem = self .get_elem(length - 1 ) elem. next = Node(value) elem. next . next = self .head else : p, post = self .head, self .head for i in xrange (index): post = p p = p. next temp = p post. next = Node(value, temp) def delete_node( self , index): if index < 0 or index > self .get_length() - 1 : print "Wrong index number to delete any node." elif self .is_empty(): print "No node can be deleted." elif index = = 0 : tail = self .get_elem( self .get_length() - 1 ) temp = self .head self .head = temp. next tail. next = self .head elif index = = self .get_length() - 1 : p = self .head for i in xrange ( self .get_length() - 2 ): p = p. next p. next = self .head else : p = self .head for i in xrange (index - 1 ): p = p. next p. next = p. next . next def show_linked_list( self ): # 打印链表中的所有元素 if self .is_empty(): print 'This is an empty linked list.' else : p, container = self .head, [] for _ in xrange ( self .get_length() - 1 ): # container.append(p.value) p = p. next container.append(p.value) print container def clear_linked_list( self ): # 将链表置空 p = self .head for _ in xrange ( 0 , self .get_length() - 1 ): post = p p = p. next del post self .head = 0 def get_elem( self , index): if self .is_empty(): print "The linked list is empty. Can not get element." elif index < 0 or index > self .get_length() - 1 : print "Wrong index number to get any element." else : p = self .head for _ in xrange (index): p = p. next return p def set_elem( self , index, value): if self .is_empty(): print "The linked list is empty. Can not set element." elif index < 0 or index > self .get_length() - 1 : print "Wrong index number to set element." else : p = self .head for _ in xrange (index): p = p. next p.value = value def get_index( self , value): p = self .head for i in xrange ( self .get_length()): if p.value = = value: return i else : p = p. next return - 1 |
然后给出约瑟夫算法:
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def josephus_kill_1(head, m): ''' 环形单链表,使用 RingLinkedList 数据结构,约瑟夫问题。 :param head:给定一个环形单链表的头结点,和第m个节点被杀死 :return:返回最终剩下的那个结点 本方法比较笨拙,就是按照规定的路子进行寻找,时间复杂度为o(m*len(ringlinkedlist)) ''' if head = = 0 : print "This is an empty ring linked list." return head if m < 2 : print "Wrong m number to play this game." return head p = head while p. next ! = p: for _ in xrange ( 0 , m - 1 ): post = p p = p. next #print post.next.value post. next = post. next . next p = post. next return p |
分析:
我采用了最原始的方法来解决这个问题,时间复杂度为o(m*len(ringlinkedlist))。
但是实际上,如果确定了链表的长度以及要删除的步长,那么最终剩余的结点一定是固定的,所以这就是一个固定的函数,我们只需要根剧M和N确定索引就可以了,这个函数涉及到了数论,具体我就不细写了。
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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/dongrixinyu/article/details/78717547