ai玩扫雷
很高兴又见面了！
扫雷是一款单人益智游戏，相信大部分人都在以前上微机课的时候玩过。游戏的目标是借助每个区域中相邻地雷数量的线索，清除包含隐藏的“地雷”或炸弹的单元格，但不引爆其中任何一个，全部清除后即可获胜。今天我们用 python 完成这个小程序，并且用ai来学习并实现它。
看看我们将要实现的最终样子。
运行扫雷
1.确保安装了python 3.6+。
2.安装pygame。
3.克隆这个存储库：
github地址：https://github.com/wanghao221/minesweeper
设置 minesweeper.py
扫雷游戏表示
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class minesweeper():def __init__(self, height=8, width=8, mines=8): # 设置初始宽度、高度和地雷数量 self.height = height self.width = width self.mines = set() # 初始化一个没有地雷的空字段 self.board = [] for i in range(self.height): row = [] for j in range(self.width): row.append(false) self.board.append(row) # 随机添加地雷 while len(self.mines) != mines: i = random.randrange(height) j = random.randrange(width) if not self.board[i][j]: self.mines.add((i, j)) self.board[i][j] = true # 最开始，玩家没有发现地雷 self.mines_found = set() |
输出地雷所在位置的基于文本的表示
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def print(self):for i in range(self.height): print("--" * self.width + "-") for j in range(self.width): if self.board[i][j]: print("|x", end="") else: print("| ", end="") print("|") print("--" * self.width + "-")def is_mine(self, cell): i, j = cell return self.board[i][j]def nearby_mines(self, cell): |
返回给定单元格的一行和一列内的地雷数，不包括单元格本身。
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def nearby_mines(self, cell): # 保持附近地雷的数量 count = 0 # 遍历一行和一列内的所有单元格 for i in range(cell[0] - 1, cell[0] + 2): for j in range(cell[1] - 1, cell[1] + 2): # 忽略单元格本身 if (i, j) == cell: continue # 如果单元格在边界内并且是地雷，则更新计数 if 0 <= i < self.height and 0 <= j < self.width: if self.board[i][j]: count += 1 return count |
检查是否已标记所有地雷。
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def won(self): return self.mines_found == self.mines |
关于扫雷游戏的逻辑语句
一个句子由一组棋盘单元和这些单元格的数量组成。
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class sentence(): def __init__(self, cells, count): self.cells = set(cells) self.count = count def __eq__(self, other): return self.cells == other.cells and self.count == other.count def __str__(self): return f"{self.cells} = {self.count}" def known_mines(self): |
返回 self.cells 中已知为地雷的所有单元格的集合。
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def known_mines(self): if len(self.cells) == self.count: return self.cells |
返回 self.cells 中已知安全的所有单元格的集合。
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def known_safes(self): if self.count == 0: return self.cells |
鉴于已知单元格是地雷，更新内部知识表示。
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def mark_mine(self, cell): if cell in self.cells: self.cells.discard(cell) self.count -= 1 |
鉴于已知单元格是安全的，更新内部知识表示。
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def mark_safe(self, cell): if cell in self.cells: self.cells.discard(cell) |
扫雷游戏玩家
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class minesweeperai(): def __init__(self, height=8, width=8): # 设置初始高度和宽度 self.height = height self.width = width # 跟踪点击了哪些单元格 self.moves_made = set() # 跟踪已知安全或地雷的细胞 self.mines = set() self.safes = set() # 关于已知为真游戏的句子列表 self.knowledge = [] |
将一个单元格标记为地雷，并更新所有知识以将该单元格也标记为地雷。
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def mark_mine(self, cell): self.mines.add(cell) for sentence in self.knowledge: sentence.mark_mine(cell) |
将一个单元格标记为安全，并更新所有知识以将该单元格也标记为安全。
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def mark_safe(self, cell): self.safes.add(cell) for sentence in self.knowledge: sentence.mark_safe(cell) |
用于获取所有附近的单元格
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def nearby_cells(self, cell): cells = set() for i in range(cell[0] - 1, cell[0] + 2): for j in range(cell[1] - 1, cell[1] + 2): if (i, j) == cell: continue if 0 <= i < self.height and 0 <= j < self.width: cells.add((i, j)) return cells |
当扫雷板告诉我们，对于给定的安全单元，有多少相邻单元中有地雷时调用。
这个功能应该：
1）将单元格标记为已进行的移动
2）将单元格标记为安全
3）根据 cell 和 count 的值在 ai 的知识库中添加一个新句子
4）如果可以根据 ai 的知识库得出结论，则将任何其他单元格标记为安全或地雷
5) 如果可以从现有知识中推断出任何新句子，则将其添加到 ai 的知识库中
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def add_knowledge(self, cell, count): self.moves_made.add(cell) # 标记单元格安全 if cell not in self.safes: self.mark_safe(cell) # 获取所有附近的单元格 nearby = self.nearby_cells(cell) nearby -= self.safes | self.moves_made new_sentence = sentence(nearby, count) self.knowledge.append(new_sentence) new_safes = set() new_mines = set() for sentence in self.knowledge: if len(sentence.cells) == 0: self.knowledge.remove(sentence) else: tmp_new_safes = sentence.known_safes() tmp_new_mines = sentence.known_mines() if type(tmp_new_safes) is set: new_safes |= tmp_new_safes if type(tmp_new_mines) is set: new_mines |= tmp_new_mines for safe in new_safes: self.mark_safe(safe) for mine in new_mines: self.mark_mine(mine) prev_sentence = new_sentence new_inferences = [] for sentence in self.knowledge: if len(sentence.cells) == 0: self.knowledge.remove(sentence) elif prev_sentence == sentence: break elif prev_sentence.cells <= sentence.cells: inf_cells = sentence.cells - prev_sentence.cells inf_count = sentence.count - prev_sentence.count new_inferences.append(sentence(inf_cells, inf_count)) prev_sentence = sentence self.knowledge += new_inferences def make_safe_move(self): |
返回一个安全的单元格以在扫雷板上选择。必须知道该移动是安全的，而不是已经做出的移动。
该函数可以使用 self.mines、self.safes 和 self.moves_made 中的知识，但不应修改任何这些值。
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def make_safe_move(self): safe_moves = self.safes.copy() safe_moves -= self.moves_made if len(safe_moves) == 0: return none return safe_moves.pop() def make_random_move(self): |
返回在扫雷板上进行的移动。应该在以下单元格中随机选择：
1) 尚未被选中
2) 不知道是地雷
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def make_random_move(self): if len(self.moves_made) == 56: return none random_move = random.randrange(self.height), random.randrange(self.height) not_safe_moves = self.moves_made | self.mines while random_move in not_safe_moves: random_move = random.randrange(self.height), random.randrange(self.height) return random_move |
设置 runner.py 运行程序
颜色
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black = (0, 0, 0)gray = (180, 180, 180)white = (255, 255, 255) |
创建游戏
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pygame.init()size = width, height = 600, 400screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size) |
字体
字体可以在自己电脑中c:\windows\fonts的位置选择自己喜欢的复制到项目中 assets/fonts目录下即可，我用的是楷体
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open_sans = "assets/fonts/simkai.ttf"smallfont = pygame.font.font(open_sans, 20)mediumfont = pygame.font.font(open_sans, 28)largefont = pygame.font.font(open_sans, 40) |
计算面板尺寸
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board_padding = 20board_width = ((2 / 3) * width) - (board_padding * 2)board_height = height - (board_padding * 2)cell_size = int(min(board_width / width, board_height / height))board_origin = (board_padding, board_padding) |
添加图片
这里我们只用了两张图，一个是地雷，一个是用来标记地雷的旗帜
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flag = pygame.image.load("assets/images/flag.png")flag = pygame.transform.scale(flag, (cell_size, cell_size))mine = pygame.image.load("assets/images/mine.png")mine = pygame.transform.scale(mine, (cell_size, cell_size)) |
创建游戏和 ai 代理
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game = minesweeper(height=height, width=width, mines=mines)ai = minesweeperai(height=height, width=width) |
跟踪显示的单元格、标记的单元格以及是否被地雷击中
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revealed = set()flags = set()lost = false |
最初显示游戏说明
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instructions = truewhile true: # 检查游戏是否退出 for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.quit: sys.exit() screen.fill(black) # 显示游戏说明 if instructions: # 标题 title = largefont.render("海拥 | 扫雷", true, white) titlerect = title.get_rect() titlerect.center = ((width / 2), 50) screen.blit(title, titlerect) # rules rules = [ "单击一个单元格以显示它", "右键单击一个单元格以将其标记为地雷", "成功标记所有地雷以获胜！" ] for i, rule in enumerate(rules): line = smallfont.render(rule, true, white) linerect = line.get_rect() linerect.center = ((width / 2), 150 + 30 * i) screen.blit(line, linerect) # 开始游戏按钮 buttonrect = pygame.rect((width / 4), (3 / 4) * height, width / 2, 50) buttontext = mediumfont.render("开始游戏", true, black) buttontextrect = buttontext.get_rect() buttontextrect.center = buttonrect.center pygame.draw.rect(screen, white, buttonrect) screen.blit(buttontext, buttontextrect) # 检查是否点击播放按钮 click, _, _ = pygame.mouse.get_pressed() if click == 1: mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos() if buttonrect.collidepoint(mouse): instructions = false time.sleep(0.3) pygame.display.flip() continue |
画板
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cells = []for i in range(height): row = [] for j in range(width): # 为单元格绘制矩形 rect = pygame.rect( board_origin[0] + j * cell_size, board_origin[1] + i * cell_size, cell_size, cell_size ) pygame.draw.rect(screen, gray, rect) pygame.draw.rect(screen, white, rect, 3) # 如果需要，添加地雷、旗帜或数字 if game.is_mine((i, j)) and lost: screen.blit(mine, rect) elif (i, j) in flags: screen.blit(flag, rect) elif (i, j) in revealed: neighbors = smallfont.render( str(game.nearby_mines((i, j))), true, black ) neighborstextrect = neighbors.get_rect() neighborstextrect.center = rect.center screen.blit(neighbors, neighborstextrect) row.append(rect) cells.append(row) |
ai 移动按钮
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aibutton = pygame.rect( (2 / 3) * width + board_padding, (1 / 3) * height - 50, (width / 3) - board_padding * 2, 50)buttontext = mediumfont.render("ai 移动", true, black)buttonrect = buttontext.get_rect()buttonrect.center = aibutton.centerpygame.draw.rect(screen, white, aibutton)screen.blit(buttontext, buttonrect) |
重置按钮
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resetbutton = pygame.rect( (2 / 3) * width + board_padding, (1 / 3) * height + 20, (width / 3) - board_padding * 2, 50 ) buttontext = mediumfont.render("重置", true, black) buttonrect = buttontext.get_rect() buttonrect.center = resetbutton.center pygame.draw.rect(screen, white, resetbutton) screen.blit(buttontext, buttonrect) |
显示文字
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text = "失败" if lost else "获胜" if game.mines == flags else ""text = mediumfont.render(text, true, white)textrect = text.get_rect()textrect.center = ((5 / 6) * width, (2 / 3) * height)screen.blit(text, textrect)move = noneleft, _, right = pygame.mouse.get_pressed() |
检查右键单击以切换标记
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if right == 1 and not lost: mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos() for i in range(height): for j in range(width): if cells[i][j].collidepoint(mouse) and (i, j) not in revealed: if (i, j) in flags: flags.remove((i, j)) else: flags.add((i, j)) time.sleep(0.2)elif left == 1: mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos() |
如果单击 ai 按钮，则进行 ai 移动
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if aibutton.collidepoint(mouse) and not lost: move = ai.make_safe_move() if move is none: move = ai.make_random_move() if move is none: flags = ai.mines.copy() print("no moves left to make.") else: print("no known safe moves, ai making random move.") else: print("ai making safe move.") time.sleep(0.2) |
重置游戏状态
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elif resetbutton.collidepoint(mouse): game = minesweeper(height=height, width=width, mines=mines) ai = minesweeperai(height=height, width=width) revealed = set() flags = set() lost = false continue |
用户自定义动作
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elif not lost: for i in range(height): for j in range(width): if (cells[i][j].collidepoint(mouse) and (i, j) not in flags and (i, j) not in revealed): move = (i, j) |
行动起来，更新ai知识
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if move: if game.is_mine(move): lost = true else: nearby = game.nearby_mines(move) revealed.add(move) ai.add_knowledge(move, nearby)pygame.display.flip() |
以上就是本篇文章的全部内容
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原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44273429/article/details/119318513
